Metagenome-assembled genomes provide new insight into the microbial diversity of two thermal pools in Kamchatka, Russia

Culture-independent methods have contributed substantially to our understanding of global microbial diversity. Recently developed algorithms to construct whole genomes from environmental samples have further refined, corrected and revolutionized understanding of the tree of life. Here, we assembled draft metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) from environmental DNA extracted from two hot springs within an active volcanic ecosystem on the Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. This hydrothermal system has been intensively studied previously with regard to geochemistry, chemoautotrophy, microbial isolation, and microbial diversity. We assembled genomes of bacteria and archaea using DNA that had previously been characterized via 16S rRNA gene clone libraries. We recovered 36 MAGs, 29 of medium to high quality, and inferred their placement in a phylogenetic tree consisting of 3,240 publicly available microbial genomes. We highlight MAGs that were taxonomically assigned to groups previously underrepresen...非培养依赖型方法（Culture-independent methods）极大地推动了我们对全球微生物多样性的认知。近年来开发的从环境样本中构建完整基因组的算法，进一步优化、修正并革新了学界对生命之树的理解。本研究从俄罗斯堪察加半岛一处活跃火山生态系统内的两处热泉提取的环境DNA中，组装得到了宏基因组组装基因组（metagenome-assembled genomes, MAGs）草稿。此前，该热液系统已在地球化学、化能自养、微生物分离及微生物多样性等领域被深入研究。我们利用此前通过16S rRNA基因克隆文库完成表征的DNA，组装得到了细菌与古菌的基因组。本研究共获得36个MAGs，其中29个达到中等到高质量标准，并将其定位至包含3240个公开可用微生物基因组的系统发育树中。本研究重点关注了那些被分类到此前代表性不足的类群中的MAGs……