High-resolution vertical wind and turbulence measurements with multicopter uncrewed aerial systems of the SWUF-3D fleet: wind tunnel calibration and field validation

This dataset contains aggregated measurements from multicopter UAS. Measurements were conducted in October 2022 and March 2024 in the ForWind wind tunnel at the University of Oldenburg, with reference measurements from a Prandtl probe, a multi-hole probe, or a constant-temperature anemometer. Additional measurements were conducted in July 2024 and March 2025 at the WiValdi research wind farm in Krummendeich by the German Aerospace Center (DLR), using UAS from the SWUF-3D fleet and reference measurements from sonic anemometers. All measurements were performed in situ with the drones in hover flight. The UAS platforms are based on the Holybro QAV250 frame. Different UAS setups are identified by the labels "5p0" and "5p5", which refer to the propeller size (5.0 inch and 5.5 inch, respectively). Avionics data (3D accelerations in body-frame, Euler angles, thrust, global position) from UAS measurements and the reference wind speed measurements (u, v, w in ENU system) are provided in separate NetCDF files. Time is stored as Unix time (local time). Corresponding UAS and reference files share the same naming pattern; the filename indicates whether the file contains UAS data or reference data. The names of files for horizontal wind measurements contain the keyword "horizontal", the orientation of the UAS relative to the main wind ("0deg", "plus90deg", "minus90deg"), and the UAS setup used ("5p0", "5p5"). The names of files for wind tunnel calibrations of vertical wind measurements contain the keyword "vertical", the direction and amplitude of the flap movements ("plus10", "minus25", etc.), and the UAS setup used ("5p0", "5p5"). The names of files for field validations contain the flight number ("flight_XX"), the UAS number ("uas_XX"), and the UAS setup used ("5p0", "5p5"). For the sonic anemometer data, the instruments were aligned with the 10°/190° axis. Therefore, the wind components were corrected to account for this 10°/190° alignment.