Baltimore Ecosystem Study polar organic contaminant integrative sampler data for pharmaceuticals and personal care products in core sites within Gwynns Falls watershed and reference sites.

An ongoing component of the Baltimore urban long-term ecological research (LTER) project (Baltimore Ecosystem Study, BES) is the use of the watershed approach and monitoring of stream water quality to evaluate the impacts of multiple chemical stressors on urban stream ecosystem functioning within Baltimore. The LTER research has focused on the Gwynns Falls watershed, which spans a gradient from highly urban, urban-residential, and suburban zones. In addition, a forested watershed serves as a reference. The long-term sampling network includes four longitudinal sampling sites along the Gwynns Falls mainstem, as well as several small (40-100 ha) watershed within or near the Gwynns Falls, providing data on water quality in different land use zones of the watersheds. Each study site is continuously monitored for discharge and is sampled weekly for water chemistry. Those data are available elsewhere on the BES website. We are interested in studying the presence and concentrations of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) within urban streams, and then linking these PPCPs with various stream ecosystem functions. To quantify the concentrations of PPCPs in streams, we deploy polar organic contaminant integrative samples (POCIS), which integrate all organic contaminants that pass by them in a stream over a set period of deployment. These POCIS allow us to integrate the total amount of PPCPs within a stream over a set period of time, and then to relate these concentrations with other ecosystem processes. We monitored PPCP concentration in four suburban to urban sites within the Gwynns Falls, as well as one exurban and one forested stream monitoring site. Each POCIS was deployed for two weeks at a stream monitoring site in March 2012. After completion of the sampling period, POCIS were removed from the streams and shipped on ice to the University of Nebraska for extraction and quantification of recovered compounds. This dataset includes all compounds extracted and quantified from this specific POCIS deployment. A subset of these data are included in the following publication: Rosi, E.J., H.A. Bechtold, D. Snow, M. Rojas, A.J. Reisinger, and J.J. Kelly. 2018. Urban stream microbial communities show resistance to pharmaceutical exposure. Ecosphere 9(1):e02041. doi: 10.1002/ecs2.2041 Codes and abbreviations 1 - GRGF - Gwynns Run at Gwynns Falls - Urban 2 - GFCP - Gwynns Falls at Carroll Park - Urban 3 - DRKR - Dead Run at Krome Avenue - Urban 4 - GFGB - Gwynns Falls at Gwynnbrook Avenue (Delight) - Suburban 5 - BARN - Baisman Run at Ivy Hill Road - Suburban unsewered 6 - POBR - Pond Branch forested reference site - Forested reference Column,Column Name,Variable-if different than Column Name (units) A,LAB_ID_String, Unique identifier for laboratory analysis B,Site, Site C,Replicate D,Analysis_Date, Date POCIS were analyzed E,1,7-Dimethylxanthine (ng/L) F,Acetaminophen (ng/L) G, Amphetamine (ng/L) H, Caffeine (ng/L) I, Carbamazepine (ng/L) J, Cimetidine (ng/L) K,Cotinine (ng/L) L,Diphenhydramine (ng/L) M,MDA, 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (ng/L) N,MDMA, 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ng/L) O,Methamphetamine (ng/L) P,Morphine (ng/L) Q,Sulfadimethoxine (ng/L) R,Sulfamethazine (ng/L) S,Sulfamethoxazole (ng/L) T,Thiabendazole (ng/L) Note: Reporting Limit for all PPCPs is 0.5 ng/L per laboratory analysis. Methods: Polar Organic Contaminant Integrative Samples (POCIS; Environmental Sampling Techonlogies, EST-Lab.com) were deployed at a representative location in the stream. POCIS remained deployed for two weeks in March 2012. POCIS were then collected, transported to the lab on ice, and then shipped to the University of Nebraska where compounds were eluted from POCIS with methanol and were identified and quantified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (see Rosi et al. 2018 and references therein for detailed description).巴尔的摩城市长期生态研究（Long-Term Ecological Research, LTER）项目（即巴尔的摩生态研究（Baltimore Ecosystem Study, BES））的持续研究内容，采用流域方法与溪流水质监测手段，评估多重化学胁迫因子对巴尔的摩市内溪流生态系统功能的影响。该LTER研究聚焦于Gwynns Falls流域，该流域覆盖了高度城市化、城市住宅及郊区的土地利用梯度，同时设置森林流域作为参照样地。长期采样网络包含沿Gwynns Falls干流布设的4个纵向采样点位，以及Gwynns Falls流域内部或邻近的数个小型（40~100公顷）流域，可为不同土地利用分区的溪流水质提供监测数据。每个研究点位持续监测径流量，并每周采集水样分析水化学特征，相关数据可通过BES官方网站获取。 本研究旨在探究城市溪流中药物和个人护理用品（Pharmaceuticals and Personal Care Products, PPCPs）的存在情况与浓度水平，并将此类PPCPs与各类溪流生态系统功能建立关联。为定量溪流中PPCPs的浓度，我们使用极性有机污染物整合采样器（Polar Organic Contaminant Integrative Samples, POCIS），该设备可在设定的部署周期内整合流经其的所有有机污染物，从而获取一段时间内溪流中PPCPs的总负荷，并将监测得到的浓度与其他生态过程进行关联分析。 我们在Gwynns Falls流域内的4个郊区至城市梯度站点，以及1个远郊区和1个森林溪流参照站点开展了PPCPs浓度监测。2012年3月，每个POCIS在对应溪流监测点位部署时长为两周。采样周期结束后，将POCIS从溪流中取出，采用冰运方式送至内布拉斯加大学，对其上吸附的化合物进行萃取与定量分析。 本数据集包含本次特定POCIS部署中萃取并定量的所有目标化合物。其中部分数据已发表于以下论文： Rosi EJ, Bechtold HA, Snow D, Rojas M, Reisinger AJ, Kelly JJ. 2018. Urban stream microbial communities show resistance to pharmaceutical exposure. Ecosphere 9(1):e02041. DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.2041 ### 代码与缩写说明 1. GRGF：Gwynns Run at Gwynns Falls——城市站点 2. GFCP：Gwynns Falls at Carroll Park——城市站点 3. DRKR：Dead Run at Krome Avenue——城市站点 4. GFGB：Gwynns Falls at Gwynnbrook Avenue (Delight)——郊区站点 5. BARN：Baisman Run at Ivy Hill Road——无污水处理设施的郊区站点 6. POBR：Pond Branch forested reference site——森林参照样地 ### 列信息说明 列号,列名,变量名（若与列名不同，单位） A,LAB_ID_String,实验室分析唯一标识符 B,Site,监测站点 C,Replicate,重复样本 D,Analysis_Date,POCIS分析日期 E,1,7-Dimethylxanthine,1,7-二甲基黄嘌呤（ng/L） F,Acetaminophen,对乙酰氨基酚（ng/L） G,Amphetamine,苯丙胺（ng/L） H,Caffeine,咖啡因（ng/L） I,Carbamazepine,卡马西平（ng/L） J,Cimetidine,西咪替丁（ng/L） K,Cotinine,可替宁（ng/L） L,Diphenhydramine,苯海拉明（ng/L） M,MDA,3,4-亚甲二氧基苯丙胺（ng/L） N,MDMA,3,4-亚甲二氧基甲基苯丙胺（ng/L） O,Methamphetamine,甲基苯丙胺（ng/L） P,Morphine,吗啡（ng/L） Q,Sulfadimethoxine,磺胺二甲氧嗪（ng/L） R,Sulfamethazine,磺胺二甲嘧啶（ng/L） S,Sulfamethoxazole,磺胺甲恶唑（ng/L） T,Thiabendazole,噻苯达唑（ng/L） **备注**：所有PPCPs的报告限值为0.5 ng/L（单次实验室分析）。 ### 实验方法 极性有机污染物整合采样器（POCIS；Environmental Sampling Technologies, EST-Lab.com）布设至溪流的代表性点位，2012年3月的部署时长为两周。采样完成后，收集POCIS并冰运至实验室，随后寄送内布拉斯加大学，使用甲醇洗脱POCIS上吸附的化合物，并通过液相色谱-串联质谱法（liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry）完成化合物的定性与定量分析（详细方法参见Rosi等人2018年的研究及其中引用文献）。