THE ARTISTIC FEATURES OF PSYCHOLOGICAL REALISM IN FYODOR DOSTOEVSKY'S NOVELS

his article examines the artistic characteristics of psychological realism in the novels of Fyodor Dostoevsky, one of the most influential figures in world literature. Unlike traditional realism, Dostoevsky's psychological realism penetrates the inner consciousness of individuals, revealing moral conflicts, spiritual crises, and existential dilemmas. The study explores the narrative techniques, dialogic structure, symbolism, and characterization employed by Dostoevsky to portray the complexity of human psychology. Using qualitative literary analysis based on comparative and hermeneutic methods, the article analyzes selected novels, including Crime and Punishment, The Idiot, The Brothers Karamazov, and Notes from Underground. The findings demonstrate that Dostoevsky's artistic mastery lies in presenting the psychological evolution of characters through internal monologues, polyphonic dialogue, and philosophical discourse, making his works foundational to modern psychological fiction.