Cultural and lifestyle determinants of health outcomes in patients with diabetic kidney disease undergoing haemodialysis, a scoping review

Diabetic Kidney Disease is a leading cause of end-stage renal failure globally. Patients undergoing haemodialysis face numerous challenges, including dietary restrictions, medication adherence, and psychosocial stressors. Lifestyle choices and cultural beliefs significantly influence these factors, yet the extent of their impact remains underexplored. This scoping review seeks to map the breadth of evidence on how lifestyle and cultural determinants affect health outcomes in this population.