Surface Roughness Dataset for Fused Filament Fabrication

Surface quality remains one of the key challenges in fused filament fabrication (FFF), as surface roughness is influenced by multiple interacting process parameters and geometric factors. Because roughness cannot be reliably anticipated before printing, practitioners often rely on trial-and-error parameter tuning, which leads to additional manufacturing time and material waste. The purpose of this dataset is to support data-driven modeling of surface roughness by providing a tabular dataset that links printing parameters and surface inclination to measured roughness outcomes. Files surface_roughness_data.csv: A consolidated table of experimental printing conditions and corresponding surface roughness measurements. Data collection and experimental designThe dataset was produced using a structured design of experiments (DoE) based on a Box–Behnken design across seven FFF process parameters: layer height, extrusion temperature, outer wall speed, infill density, wall thickness, bed temperature, and fan speed. A dedicated test geometry with planar faces at multiple inclinations was printed for each experimental condition. Surface inclination was considered using angles from 0° to 170° in 10° increments. Surface roughness was measured on the corresponding faces using a contact stylus profilometer, and the arithmetic mean roughness value Ra (µm) was recorded for each measurement. Factors and levels Layer Height (mm): 0.12, 0.20, 0.28 Extrusion Temperature (°C): 190, 200, 210 Outer Wall Speed (mm/s): 150, 200, 250 Infill Density (%): 5, 15, 25 Wall Thickness (mm): 0.36, 0.42, 0.48 Bed Temperature (°C): 55, 60, 65 Fan Speed (%): 60, 80, 100 Printing setup Printer: Bambu Lab A1 Combo Nozzle diameter: 0.4 mm Material: PLA, 1.75 mm filament (marble color variant) Support structures: not used (to avoid support-contact artifacts in surface roughness measurements) Dataset structure (surface_roughness_data.csv)Each row corresponds to one surface roughness measurement acquired from a specific printing condition and a specific surface inclination. The dataset contains 1566 surface roughness measurements collected from 87 printed specimens. The table includes the seven controlled FFF process parameters and the surface inclination angle used during measurement. The response variable is Ra (µm), recorded per measurement. Columns ID: Specimen identifier (e.g., Object-1 … Object-87) Layer Height (mm) Extrusion Temp (°C) Outer Wall Speed (mm/s) Infill Density (%) Wall Thickness (mm) Bed Temp (°C) Fan Speed (%) Surface Angle (°): inclination angle of the measured planar face Ra (µm): arithmetic mean roughness Intended useThis dataset is intended for developing and benchmarking predictive models of FFF surface roughness, and for studying how printing parameters and surface inclination jointly influence Ra. ContactRegarding questions about the dataset, please contact [e-mail].