中国土壤侵蚀变化数据集（1985-2011）

土壤侵蚀是指由水或风等外力引起的土地表面物质的移动。本数据集收集整理了1985年以来水利部发布的4次土壤侵蚀遥感调查分省数据，介绍了4次调查的主要技术特点，并计算了各省土壤侵蚀面积比例及其变化。整理后的分省土壤侵蚀数据集包括2种侵蚀类型（水蚀与风蚀）、5个侵蚀强度分级（轻度、中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈）、和4个代表年度（1985、1995、2000、2011）。数据结果表明，1985、1995、2000和2011年全国土壤侵蚀面积分别为366.14万平方公里、354.77万平方公里、356.14万平方公里和294.92万平方公里。全国土壤侵蚀比例由38.53%减少到31.04%，其中，水蚀持续减少，风蚀有减少趋势，但是年际变化大。2011年，土壤侵蚀的类型结构为：水蚀占44%，风蚀占56%。土壤侵蚀的强度结构为：轻度侵蚀占47%，中度、强烈、极强烈、剧烈分别占19%、13%、10%、和11%。在省级尺度，1985-2011年间，侵蚀比例下降最大的3个省为：宁夏（75.04% - 37.87%）、陕西（64.15%-35.33%）、与河南（39.26%-14.23%）。同期侵蚀比例扩大的4个省为：广西（4.71%-21.35%）、广东（6.4% - 11.98%）、海南（1.33%-3.2%）、和吉林（20.89% - 25.28%）。本数据集包括6个表格：表1-表4是1985、1995、2000、2011年中国分省土壤侵蚀分级数据；表5是1985-2011年中国分省土壤侵蚀面积变化数据；表6是1985-2011年中国分省土壤侵蚀百分比变化数据。数据集存储为1个文件，.xlsx格式，数据量为44.5 KB。

Soil erosion refers to the movement of land surface materials caused by external forces such as water or wind. This dataset collects and organizes four provincial-scale soil erosion remote sensing survey data released by the Ministry of Water Resources since 1985, introduces the main technical characteristics of the four surveys, and calculates the soil erosion area proportion and its changes in each province. The finalized provincial-scale soil erosion dataset covers 2 erosion types (water erosion and wind erosion), 5 erosion intensity grades (mild, moderate, intense, extremely intense, and severe), and 4 representative years (1985, 1995, 2000, and 2011). The data results show that the national total soil erosion areas in 1985, 1995, 2000, and 2011 were 3.6614 million square kilometers, 3.5477 million square kilometers, 3.5614 million square kilometers, and 2.9492 million square kilometers, respectively. The national soil erosion proportion decreased from 38.53% to 31.04%. Among them, water erosion continued to decrease, while wind erosion showed a decreasing trend but had large inter-annual variations. In 2011, the type structure of soil erosion was: water erosion accounted for 44%, and wind erosion accounted for 56%. The intensity structure of soil erosion was: mild erosion accounted for 47%, moderate, intense, extremely intense, and severe erosion accounted for 19%, 13%, 10%, and 11%, respectively. At the provincial scale, the three provinces with the largest decline in erosion proportion from 1985 to 2011 were Ningxia (75.04% - 37.87%), Shaanxi (64.15% - 35.33%), and Henan (39.26% - 14.23%). The four provinces with expanded erosion proportion during the same period were: Guangxi (4.71% - 21.35%), Guangdong (6.4% - 11.98%), Hainan (1.33% - 3.2%), and Jilin (20.89% - 25.28%). This dataset includes 6 tables: Tables 1 to 4 present provincial-scale soil erosion grade data of China in 1985, 1995, 2000, and 2011 respectively; Table 5 presents the change data of provincial-scale soil erosion area in China from 1985 to 2011; Table 6 presents the change data of provincial-scale soil erosion percentage in China from 1985 to 2011. The dataset is stored as a single .xlsx file with a data volume of 44.5 KB.

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集汇总了1985年至2011年中国31个省份的土壤侵蚀变化情况，涵盖水蚀和风蚀两种类型及五个严重程度等级。分析显示，全国土壤侵蚀面积总体呈下降趋势，但省级变化差异显著，其中宁夏、陕西和河南侵蚀减少最多，而广西、广东、海南和吉林有所增加。数据集以Excel文件形式提供，便于进一步研究土壤侵蚀的动态变化。