GroMoPo Metadata for Upper Chaj Doab model

A 3-D finite element model (Feflow) has been used for regional groundwater flow modelling of Upper Chaj Doab in Indus Basin, Pakistan. The thematic layers of soils, landuse, hydrology, infrastructure and climate were developed using Geographic Information System (GIS). The numerical groundwater flow model is developed to configure the groundwater equipotential surface, hydraulic head gradient and estimation of the groundwater budget of the aquifer. Integration of GIS with groundwater modelling and satellite remote sensing capabilities has provided an efficient way of analysing and monitoring groundwater status and its associated land conditions. The Arcview GIS software is used as additive tool to develop supportive data for numerical groundwater modelling, integration and presentation of image processing and modelling results. The groundwater behaviour of the regional model shows a gradual decline in watertable from year 1999 onward. The persistent dry condition and high withdrawal rates play an influential role in lowering down the groundwater levels. Different scenarios were developed to study the impact of extreme climatic conditions (drought/flood) and variable groundwater abstraction on the regional groundwater system. The results of the study provide useful information regarding the behaviour of aquifer in order to organize management schemes on local and regional basis to monitor future groundwater development in the area.本研究采用三维有限元模型（Feflow），针对巴基斯坦印度河盆地上游恰杰多阿布地区开展区域地下水流模拟。通过地理信息系统（GIS）构建了土壤、土地利用、水文、基础设施与气候等专题图层。本数值地下水流模型旨在刻画地下水等势面、水力水头梯度，并估算含水层的地下水均衡量。将地理信息系统与地下水流模拟、卫星遥感技术相结合，为分析与监测地下水位状态及其关联土地状况提供了高效路径。Arcview GIS软件作为辅助工具，用于生成数值地下水流模拟所需的支撑数据，并实现图像处理与模拟结果的整合与可视化呈现。区域模型的地下水动态特征显示，自1999年起地下水位呈逐步下降趋势。持续干旱条件与高开采速率是地下水位下降的关键影响因素。研究构建了多种模拟情景，以探究极端气候条件（干旱/洪涝）与可变地下水开采量对区域地下水系统的影响。本研究结果可为含水层动态特征分析提供有效参考，进而支撑制定局地与区域尺度的管理方案，以监测该区域未来的地下水资源开发活动。