Food Insecurity Experience Scale 2023 - Japan

Abstract
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Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target 2.1 commits countries to end hunger, ensure access by all people to safe, nutritious and sufficient food all year around. Indicator 2.1.2, “Prevalence of moderate or severe food insecurity based on the Food Insecurity Experience Scale (FIES)”, provides internationally-comparable estimates of the proportion of the population facing difficulties in accessing food. More detailed background information is available at http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/

The FIES-based indicators are compiled using the FIES survey module, containing 8 questions. Two indicators can be computed:
1. The proportion of the population experiencing moderate or severe food insecurity (SDG indicator 2.1.2),
2. The proportion of the population experiencing severe food insecurity.

These data were collected by FAO through the Gallup World Poll. General information on the methodology can be found here: https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx. National institutions can also collect FIES data by including the FIES survey module in nationally representative surveys.

Microdata can be used to calculate the indicator 2.1.2 at national level. Instructions for computing this indicator are described in the methodological document available in the downloads tab. Disaggregating results at sub-national level is not encouraged because estimates will suffer from substantial sampling and measurement error.

Geographic coverage
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National

Analysis unit
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Individuals

Universe
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Individuals of 15 years or older with access to landline and/or mobile phones.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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With some exceptions, all samples are probability based and nationally representative of the resident adult population. The coverage area is the entire country including rural areas, and the sampling frame represents the entire civilian, non-institutionalized, aged 15 and older population.
For more details on the overall sampling and data collection methodology, see the World poll methodology attached as a resource in the downloads tab. Specific sampling details for each country are also attached as technical documents in the downloads tab.
Exclusions: For landline RDD, excluded 12 municipalities near the nuclear power plant in Fukushima. These areas were designated as not-to-call districts due to the devastation from the 2011 disasters. The exclusion represents less than 1% of the population of Japan.
Design effect: 1.39

Mode of data collection
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Computer-Assisted Telephone Interviewing [CATI]

Cleaning operations
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Statistical validation assesses the quality of the FIES data collected by testing their consistency with the assumptions of the Rasch model. This analysis involves the interpretation of several statistics that reveal 1) items that do not perform well in a given context, 2) cases with highly erratic response patterns, 3) pairs of items that may be redundant, and 4) the proportion of total variance in the population that is accounted for by the measurement model.

Sampling error estimates
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The margin of error is estimated as 3.6. This is calculated around a proportion at the 95% confidence level. The maximum margin of error was calculated assuming a reported percentage of 50% and takes into account the design effect.

Data appraisal
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The variable WHLDAY was not considered in the computation of the published FAO food insecurity indicator based on FIES due to the results of the validation process. The variable WORRIED was not considered in the computation of the published FAO food insecurity indicator based on FIES due to the results of the validation process.

摘要
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可持续发展目标（SDG）2.1 承诺各国消除饥饿，确保全年所有人都能获得安全、营养充足的食物。指标2.1.2，‘基于食物不安全体验量表（FIES）的食物不安全普遍程度’，提供了关于面临食物获取困难的人口比例的国际可比估计。更多详细背景信息可在http://www.fao.org/in-action/voices-of-the-hungry/fies/en/找到。

基于FIES的指标是通过FIES调查模块编制的，包含8个问题。可以计算两个指标：
1. 经历中度或严重食物不安全的人口比例（SDG指标2.1.2），
2. 经历严重食物不安全的人口比例。

这些数据由FAO通过盖洛普世界民意调查收集。有关方法论的详细信息可在以下链接中找到：https://www.gallup.com/178667/gallup-world-poll-work.aspx。国家机构也可以通过在国家代表性调查中包含FIES调查模块来收集FIES数据。

微观数据可用于计算国家层面的指标2.1.2。计算此指标的具体说明可在下载标签页中找到的方法论文件中描述。不鼓励在次国家层面分解结果，因为估计将受到重大抽样和测量误差的影响。

地理覆盖范围
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全国

分析单位
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个人

总体
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15岁及以上、能够接入固定电话和/或移动电话的个人。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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除少数例外，所有样本都是概率基础且代表全国居民成人群体的。覆盖区域包括整个国家，包括农村地区，抽样框架代表所有15岁及以上的非制度化、平民人口。
有关总体抽样和数据收集方法的更多详细信息，请参阅附加在下载标签页中的世界民意调查方法论。每个国家的具体抽样细节也作为技术文件附加在下载标签页中。
排除：对于固定电话RDD，排除了福岛核电站附近的12个市镇。这些地区因2011年灾害造成的破坏而被指定为不可拨打地区。这种排除代表了日本人口不到1%。
设计效应：1.39

数据收集方式
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计算机辅助电话访谈[CATI]

清洗操作
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统计验证通过测试FIES数据的Rasch模型假设的一致性来评估其质量。该分析涉及解释几个统计量，这些统计量揭示了1）在特定背景下表现不佳的项目，2）具有高度不规律响应模式的案例，3）可能重复的项目对，以及4）由测量模型解释的总体方差的比例。

抽样误差估计
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误差范围估计为3.6。这是在95%置信水平下围绕比例计算的。

数据评估
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由于验证过程的结果，变量WHLDAY未考虑在基于FIES的已发布FAO食物不安全指标的计算中。由于验证过程的结果，变量WORRIED未考虑在基于FIES的已发布FAO食物不安全指标的计算中。