AWB-COF: All Woody Biomass - Co-Generation

* Technical Challenges - ESKOM may have some risks associated with introduction of co-firing at power stations, and may elect to do so only at selected sites. The most feasible location is in Mpumalanga Highveld, but the availability of biomass is somewhat dependent on maize residues which may be highly variable. Western Cape option may not be feasible since power stations have been decommissioned. * Cost Challenges - Costs are acceptable comparable to current electricity from coal costs. * Policy Challenges - The projects are feasible, and well aligned with existing expertise and infrastructure in respect of `Working for Water` programmes. Integration with DEA `Working for Energy` required and incorporation into IPP programmes needed. * Environmental Challenges - The net impact on greenhouse gas emissions is sizable, despite land use change effects, given the significant reduction in GHG as CO2 equivalents in comparison to coal. If natural vegetation replaces invasives at more or less the same annual increment, LUC effects are near zero.