Data from: Establishment of a refined oral glucose tolerance test in pigs, and assessment of insulin, glucagon and glucagon-like peptide-1 responses

Diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide and reliable animal models are important for progression of the research field. The pig is a commonly used large animal model in diabetes research and the present study aimed to refine a model for oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in young growing pigs, as well as describing intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) in the same age group. The refined porcine OGTT will reflect that used in children and adolescents. Eighteen pigs were obtained one week after weaning and trained for two weeks to bottle-feed glucose solution, mimicking the human OGTT. The pigs subsequently underwent OGTT (1.75 g/kg BW) and IVGTT (0.5 g/kg BW). Blood samples were collected from indwelling vein catheters for measurements of glucose and the diabetes related hormones insulin, glucagon and active glucagon-like peptide-1. The study confirmed that pigs can be trained to bottle-feed glucose dissolved in water and thereby undergo an OGTT more similar to the human standard OGTT than previously described methods in pigs. With the refined method for OGTT, oral intake only consists of glucose and water, which is an advantage over previously described methods in pigs where glucose is given together with feed which will affect glucose absorption. Patterns of hormonal secretion in response to oral and intravenous glucose were similar to those in humans; however, the pigs were more glucose tolerant with lower insulin levels than humans. In translational medicine, this refined OGTT and IVGTT methods provide important tools in diabetes research when pigs are used as models for children and adolescents in diabetes research.糖尿病（Diabetes mellitus）在全球范围内发病率持续攀升，可靠的动物模型是推动该研究领域发展的关键支撑。猪是糖尿病研究中常用的大型动物模型，本研究旨在优化青年生长猪的口服葡萄糖耐量试验（oral glucose tolerance test, OGTT）模型，并建立同年龄段猪的静脉葡萄糖耐量试验（intravenous glucose tolerance test, IVGTT）操作方案。优化后的猪OGTT模型将贴合儿童与青少年所采用的标准化试验流程。本研究购入18头断奶1周的仔猪，经过2周训练使其可通过奶瓶摄取葡萄糖溶液，以此模拟人类OGTT的给药方式。随后对这些仔猪实施OGTT（给药剂量为1.75 g/kg体重）与IVGTT（给药剂量为0.5 g/kg体重）检测。通过留置静脉导管采集血样，用于检测血糖以及与糖尿病相关的激素：胰岛素（insulin）、胰高血糖素（glucagon）与活性胰高血糖素样肽-1（active glucagon-like peptide-1）。本研究证实，可通过训练使仔猪通过奶瓶摄取溶于水的葡萄糖，相较于既往猪OGTT的建模方法，该方案所得的试验结果更贴近人类标准化OGTT流程。采用本研究优化的OGTT方案时，受试猪的口服摄入仅包含葡萄糖与纯水，相较于既往需将葡萄糖与饲料联合给药的猪建模方法具有显著优势——后者会干扰葡萄糖的吸收过程。口服与静脉给予葡萄糖后，受试猪的激素分泌模式与人类相似；但相较于人类，仔猪的葡萄糖耐受力更强，胰岛素水平更低。在转化医学领域，当以猪作为儿童与青少年糖尿病研究的动物模型时，本研究优化的OGTT与IVGTT方法可为相关研究提供重要的技术支撑。