Data from: Global migration is driven by the complex interplay between environmental and social factors

The datasets were produced in the following article. When using the data, please use the following citation:

Niva V, Kallio M, Muttarak R, Taka M, Varis O, Kummu M. 2021. Global migration is driven by the complex interplay between environmental and social factors. Environmental Research Letters. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ac2e86

The data include the following files:

AC.tif

            Composite index computed based on the four AC variables by taking a mean over the respective variables:

            economy.tif

                        Downscaled and min-max normalized income data.

            education.tif

                        Min-max normalized education data.

            governance.tif

                        Min-max normalized governance data.

            health.tif

                        Min-max normalized health data.

For all of the above data, 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest capacity, respectively.

ES.tif

            Composite index computed based on the four ES variables by taking a mean over the respective variables:

            foodProdScarcityScaled.tif

                        Food production scarcity data based on food production data.

            droughtRiskScaled.tif

                        Computed and scaled drought risk based on SPEI index.

            waterRiskScaled.tif

                        Computed and scaled water risk data based on three water stress indices.

For all of the above data 0 and 1 represent the lowest and highest stress, respectively. Kindly note that data for natural hazards is available at its source (please see the list below). 

class_raster.tif

            Spatial representation of the classification matrix.

cntryID.gpkg

            Country polygons with country IDs.

cntry_raster_masked.tif

           Country raster with country IDs.

countriesRegionsZones.csv

           Country groups and countries.

Dataset specifications:

spatial extent: -180, 180, -90, 90

spatial resolution: 5 arc-min (0.083333333 degrees)

projection: long/lat WGS84

no data value: NA

Original data to produce the above indicators and to replicate the full analysis is available at the following sources:

Net-migration data (30 arc-sec resolution): https://doi.org/10.7927/H4319SVC

Natural hazards: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398

Governance effectiveness: https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.h2v2398

Human Development Indicators (income, education, health): https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2019.38

Water risk indicators: https://doi.org/10.46830/writn.18.00146

Drought (SPEI index): https://doi.org/10.1175/2009JCLI2909.1

Food production: https://doi.org/10.1038/nature11420

Population data: https://doi.org/10.1177/0959683609356587