Destruction of self-derived PAMP via T3SS2 effector VopY to subvert PAMP-triggered immunity mediates Vibrio parahaemolyticus pathogenicity

These data taken together demonstrate that VopY is a T3SS2 effector of Vibrio parahaemolyticus that confers both enterotoxicity and cytotoxicity. As a EAL-domain containing phosphodiesterase capable of hydrolyzing c-di-GMP, VopY effectively suppresses STING-dependent immune responses triggered by c-di-GMP, which is produced by bacteria and hijacked by the host as a signal during bacterial infection.