The genomic diversity and spatial patterns of Mycobacterium bovis in Ireland revealed by whole genome sequencing

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis, remains a major challenge across the island of Ireland. Despite decades of an eradication programme that encompasses cattle testing, movement restrictions, and badger culling, bTB prevalence has increased in recent years. The epidemiology of bTB is complex, with inter-species (e.g. badger-cattle) and intra-species (e.g. cattle-cattle) transmission of infection. This study utilised whole-genome sequencing (WGS) to investigate the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of M. bovis across the island of Ireland as a route to help elucidate transmission of infection.