Straw ditch burial reshapes microbial communities and enhances yield and net ecosystem carbon balance in tropical pineapple system

This dataset supports a three-year field experiment examining whether deep pineapple-straw burial improves productivity, carbon balance, soil carbon distribution, and microbial communities compared with conventional rotary straw incorporation in a tropical pineapple system. We hypothesized that burying straw at approximately 30 cm depth, combined with ridge planting and plastic film mulching, would improve root growth and photosynthetic carbon assimilation, alter the subsoil microbiome, and increase carbon retention in deeper soil layers. The dataset includes crop growth, root traits, photosynthetic parameters, fruit yield, CO₂, CH₄ and N₂O emissions, global warming potential, net ecosystem carbon balance (NECB), soil organic carbon (SOC), and subsoil microbial community data collected over two growing seasons. Greenhouse-gas fluxes were measured using static chambers. SOC was determined in the 0–100 cm soil layers. Microbial communities were characterized by high-throughput sequencing and analyzed for composition, predicted functions, ecological strategies, co-occurrence networks, and relationships with yield and SOC. Compared with rotary straw incorporation, ditch burial increased pineapple yield by 30.24%, cumulative CO₂ emissions by 24.39%, and NECB by 22.99%. After three years, SOC decreased by 42.37% in the 0–20 cm layer but increased by 6.39% in the 20–40 cm layer, indicating vertical SOC redistribution rather than confirmed whole-profile carbon sequestration. Deep straw burial also shifted the subsoil microbiome toward a K-strategy-dominated community, strengthened positive microbial associations, and increased predicted functions related to carbon degradation and ammonia oxidation. Pullulanibacillus, Haliangium, and Tumebacillus were positively associated with yield and SOC, although these relationships should not be interpreted as direct evidence of causality. The dataset can be used for residue-management comparisons, meta-analyses, carbon-balance modelling, and evaluation of climate-smart practices in tropical croplands. Users should consider treatment duration, soil depth, seasonal variation, experimental design, and measurement units when interpreting or reusing the data.本数据集支撑一项为期三年的田间试验，旨在探究热带菠萝种植体系中，相较于传统旋耕秸秆还田方式，菠萝秸秆深层埋置是否能够提升作物生产力、优化碳平衡、改善土壤碳分布以及调控微生物群落结构。我们提出如下假说：将秸秆埋置于约30 cm深度，结合垄作栽培与地膜覆盖措施，可促进根系生长与光合碳同化，改变深层土壤微生物组，并提升深层土壤层的碳固持能力。 本数据集包含两个生长季采集的作物生长、根系性状、光合参数、果实产量、CO₂、CH₄和N₂O排放、全球增温潜势、生态系统净碳平衡（net ecosystem carbon balance, NECB）、土壤有机碳（soil organic carbon, SOC）以及深层土壤微生物群落数据。温室气体通量采用静态箱法进行测定。土壤有机碳在0–100 cm土层中开展测定。微生物群落通过高通量测序（high-throughput sequencing）进行表征，并对其群落组成、预测功能、生态策略、共现网络以及与产量和土壤有机碳的关联进行分析。 相较于旋耕秸秆还田处理，沟埋秸秆使菠萝产量提升30.24%，累计CO₂排放量提升24.39%，生态系统净碳平衡提升22.99%。三年试验结束后，0–20 cm土层的土壤有机碳含量下降42.37%，但20–40 cm土层提升6.39%，这表明土壤有机碳发生了垂直再分布，而非全剖面碳固存得到证实。 深秸秆埋置还使深层土壤微生物群落向以K-策略（K-strategy）为主导的群落转变，强化了微生物间的正向关联，并提升了与碳降解和氨氧化相关的预测功能。Pullulanibacillus、Haliangium和Tumebacillus与产量和土壤有机碳呈正相关关系，不过此类关联不应被解读为因果关系的直接证据。 本数据集可用于秸秆还田管理措施对比、荟萃分析（meta-analyses）、碳平衡建模以及热带农田气候智能型实践的评估。用户在解读或复用该数据时，应综合考虑试验处理时长、土壤深度、季节变化、实验设计以及测量单位等因素。