experiment 1, experiment 2, experiment 3

Facing the new environment and knowledge system, the first-grade students in junior high school always encounter the need for memory integration. Previous studies proved that the process of memory integration can be affected by cues. However, there is no comprehensive study of the influence of various properties of cues on memory integration, and no research with middle school students as participants. Concerning previous research on memory, we conclude that effective cues have the three properties of consistency, relevance, and differentiation. Therefore, this study aims to explore the influence of different properties of effective cues on the memory integration of first-grade students in junior high school. The effect was investigated by using the modified separated sentences paradigm. The results indicate that memory integration, as a way of memory expansion, is also affected by the validity of cues.