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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was visualized by using an automatic multispectral imaging system with associated software (Vectra II, PerkinElmer, version 2.0.7.1). The size and zeta potential of HLPC and M@HLPC were measured by using a nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA, Particle Metrix, Germany, version 8.05.04). The absorbance was measured by automatic microplate reader with associated software (Tecan Infinite M200, version 1.6.19.2). The interaction between each sub-component in HLPC were measured by microscale thermophoresis (MST, NT.115, Nanotemper, Germany). Flow cytometry data was acquired with Backman CytoFLEX LX Flow Cytometer with associated software (version 2.3.1.22). The biodistribution of nanoparticles were observed by using IVIS imaging system (PerkinElmer, USA, version 4.5.5). Power analysis of the animal experiments indicated that the chosen sample sizes per group are sufficient. We also referred to relevant literature to determine sample sizes. For the in vitro and in vivo experiments, we followed standards of good scientific practice. We used at least 3 biological replicates or 3 animals per group, to calculate means and standard deviations and to perform statistical analyses. Statistical analyses were performed using GraphPad Prism 8.0. Data were analyzed by two-tailed unpaired Student’s t-tests (two groups) or One-way ANOVA (multiple-groups). P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant.