Spider body size and longevity after exposure to lead-polluted soil

Heavy metal pollution is pervasive in urban soils, and it can negatively impact the fitness of arthropods. Arthropod populations can evolve to become more tolerant or resistant to metals, but the mechanisms of these processes are understudied. Here, we tested the hypotheses of fixed adaptation and facultative adaptation in a lead (Pb)-exposure experiment using the progeny of field-collected Pardosa milvina spiders from urban (elevated soil Pb) and rural (background soil Pb) habitats. We predicted that spiders from both populations that were reared in the elevated Pb treatment would exhibit decreased body size in comparison to individuals reared in background Pb soil due to a facultative shift in metabolic investment from growth to Pb resistance, or, alternatively, that urban spiders would exhibit no change in body size across treatments, supporting fixed adaptation as a consequence of a legacy effect of urban Pb pollution. We found no evidence that exposure to elevated Pb soil had an ef..., Offspring from field-collected spiders (Pardosa milvina) were reared on soil substrates with three concentration ranges of Pb. The spiders came from two populations (rural and urban) for a total of six experimental treatments. The spiderlings were reared on a diet of springtails and crickets until they matured and eventually died. We recorded the survival time of adult spiders (n = 41-61) and measured the carapace width of a subset of specimens in each group upon death (n= 7-15). Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer (eye piece units) and converted to milimeters., , # Spider body size and longevity after exposure to lead-polluted soil [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vdncjsz4w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vdncjsz4w) ## Description of the data and file structure Offspring from field-collected spiders (*Pardosa milvina*) were reared on soil substrates with three concentration ranges of Pb. The spiders came from two populations (rural and urban) for a total of six experimental treatments. Spiderlings were reared on a diet of springtails and crickets until they matured and eventually died. We recorded the survival time of adult spiders (n = 41-61) and measured the carapace width of a subset of specimens in each group upon death (n= 7-15). Measurements were made with an ocular micrometer (eye piece units) and converted to millimeters. Pb_concentrations_of_treatment_soils.docx: Pb concentrations of treatment soils. Values were obtained by performing nitric acid microwave digestion (EPA Method 3051) followed by Inductively Coupled Plasma analysis on f...重金属污染在城市土壤中广泛存在，可对节肢动物（arthropods）的生存适合度造成负面影响。节肢动物种群可演化出对金属的更高耐受性或抗性，但相关演化机制的研究仍较为不足。本研究利用野外采集的、分别来自城市（土壤铅（Pb）含量升高）与乡村（土壤铅含量处于背景水平）生境的草野狼蛛（*Pardosa milvina*）的后代，开展铅暴露实验，验证固定适应性与兼性适应性假说。我们预测：若因代谢投资从生长向铅抗性发生兼性转变，那么在高铅处理环境中饲养的两个种群蜘蛛的体型均会低于背景铅土壤饲养的个体；或者，城市蜘蛛在不同处理间体型无变化，这将支持固定适应性假说，即城市铅污染遗留效应所带来的适应性演化。本研究未发现证据表明暴露于高铅土壤会对…… 野外采集的草野狼蛛（*Pardosa milvina*）后代被饲养于三种铅浓度梯度的土壤基质中，实验蜘蛛来自两个种群（乡村与城市），共计6组实验处理。幼蛛以弹尾虫（springtails）和蟋蟀（crickets）为食，直至其成熟并最终死亡。我们记录了成年蜘蛛的存活时长（每组样本量n=41~61），并在每组死亡个体中选取部分样本测定其头胸甲宽度（carapace width，每组n=7~15）。测量采用目镜测微尺（ocular micrometer），以目镜单位记录后转换为毫米单位。 # 铅污染土壤暴露后蜘蛛的体型与寿命 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vdncjsz4w](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.vdncjsz4w) ## 数据与文件结构说明 野外采集的草野狼蛛（*Pardosa milvina*）后代被饲养于三种铅浓度梯度的土壤基质中，实验蜘蛛来自两个种群（乡村与城市），共计6组实验处理。幼蛛以弹尾虫和蟋蟀为食，直至其成熟并最终死亡。我们记录了成年蜘蛛的存活时长（每组n=41~61），并在每组死亡个体中选取部分样本测定其头胸甲宽度（每组n=7~15）。测量采用目镜测微尺，以目镜单位记录后转换为毫米单位。 `Pb_concentrations_of_treatment_soils.docx`：实验处理土壤的铅浓度数据。相关数值通过硝酸微波消解（EPA Method 3051，美国环境保护署方法3051）后，采用电感耦合等离子体（Inductively Coupled Plasma）分析获得……