MSPB latency and throughput

The agriculture supply chain faces inefficiencies in traceability and transparency, exacerbated by fragmented systems, driving interest in blockchain solutions. However, conventional blockchain systems struggle with scalability under high-volume workloads due to the scalability limitations. Ethereum-compatible sidechain solutions offer only partial mitigation and introduce trade-offs such as latency and trust dependencies. To address this, this study proposes a novel Layer-1 solution \u2013 Multi-Shard Parallel Blockchain (MSPB) \u2013 design specifically to support the demands of scalable and efficient agricultural supply chains by enabling concurrent cross-shard execution and optimized communication orchestration. We develop two testnet-calibrated simulators, using Polygon PoS\/Amoy as the baseline. In comparative benchmark in the simulator, MSPB achieves \u224835\u2014148 TPS with median confirmation \u2248150\u2014220 ms and P99 under 300 ms across ASC workload tiers, versus Amoy\u2019s \u22483\u201423 TPS with median in the ~3 to 19 second range. Results indicate that orchestrated sharding sustains low and predictable confirmation times under load for ASC scenarios, compared to sidechain batching\/finality checks.