Global 10-km Habitat Distribution Maps for Terrestrial Vertebrates

Building on the FROM-GLC Plus land-cover product^1-3, we generated habitat distribution maps for terrestrial vertebrates at 10 km spatial resolution for the years 2000, 2010, and 2020. The dataset covers four major taxonomic groups—mammals, reptiles, amphibians, and birds—and provides consistent, global gridded estimates of potential habitat distribution across three time slices. To create these maps, we linked species-specific habitat requirements to environmental constraints by compiling suitable land-cover types and elevation ranges for each species^4-5, and then spatially projecting these suitability rules onto the corresponding FROM-GLC Plus land-cover layers. The resulting products offer harmonized, time-comparable habitat distribution surfaces that can support large-scale biodiversity assessments, conservation planning, and analyses of habitat change over time.<br>Yu, L. <i>et al.</i> FROM-GLC Plus: toward near real-time and multi-resolution land cover mapping. <i>Gisci Remote Sens</i> <b>59</b>, 1026–1047 (2022).Du, Z. <i>et al.</i> Dual Data- and Knowledge-Driven Land Cover Mapping Framework for Monitoring Annual and Near-Real-Time Changes. <i>IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing</i> <b>62</b>, 1–14 (2024).Yu, L. <i>et al.</i> FROM-GLC Plus 3.0: Multimodal Land Change Mapping with SAM and Dense Surface Observations. <i>Journal of Remote Sensing</i> <b>5</b>, 0728 (2025).IUCN. 2012 <i>IUCN red list categories and criteria, version 3.1, 2nd edn</i>. Gland, Switzerland: IUCN.IUCN. 2023 <i>The IUCN red list of threatened species, version 2023-1</i>. See https://www.iucnredlist.org.