Southern Ocean related remote sensing datasets used by the Nilas Southern Ocean Mapping Platform.

This dataset contains multiple variables with spatio-temporal information relating to sea-ice and the southern ocean. This collection of data is utilised by the nilas.org platform for dynamically visualising these variables in the web browser. Together they provide a valuable resource for understanding the interactions between physical, climate and biogeochemical parameters. These include variables to understand sea-ice in three dimensions, chlorophyll and sea surface temperature. The time range of these data covers from 1980 until the present and the spatial coverage is Antarctic circumpolar. Name: Daily Sea Ice ConcentrationDesc: Sea ice concentration is a measure of the amount of size ice over an area. It is calculated from satellite observations of sea ice for all areas adjacent the Antarctic coastline. The minimum area of sea ice naturally occurs in February and the maximum in September.Product: ARTIST (ASI 5) (Spreen et al. 2008)Source: Universität BremenResolution: 6.125 km nominalTimeframe: 2012 to presentNotes: Concentrations of less than 15% have been removed. Name: Monthly Sea Ice ConcentrationDesc: Sea ice concentration is a measure of the amount of size ice over an area. It is calculated from satellite observations of sea ice for all areas adjacent the Antarctic coastline. The minimum area of sea ice naturally occurs in February and the maximum in September.Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25 km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to presentNotes: Concentrations of less than 15% have been removed. Name: Monthly Anomalies in Sea Ice ConcentrationDesc: Anomalies in sea ice concentration show the monthly variation from the long term mean.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to presentNotes: Anomalies are calculated as the difference between the sea ice concentration and the 1981-2010 mean sea ice concentration for that month. Anomalies less than 7.5% are not shown. Name: Long term monthly mean sea ice extentDesc: Sea ice extent is calculated as contour lines at 15% and 80% sea ice concentration.Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)Source: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Resolution: -Timeframe: 1980 to presentNotes: Contours with less than 15 vertices are discarded. Name: Long Term Monthly Mean Sea Ice ExtentDesc: Mean monthly sea ice extent over the 1981-2010 time interval. This is calculated as contour lines at 15% and 80% long term mean (1981-2010) sea ice concentration.Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: -Timeframe: Long term monthly mean (1981-2010)Notes: Contours with less than 15 vertices are discarded. Name: Gridded Freeboard (ATL20) IceSat2Desc: Sea ice freeboard is the distance between the waterline and the surface height of sea ice in open leads. This dataset contains monthly gridded estimates of sea ice freeboard, derived from along-track freeboard estimates in the ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A Sea Ice Freeboard product (ATL10,V3).Product: ATL20 (Petty et al. 2020)Source: NSIDCResolution: 25 km nominalTimeframe: Oct 2018 to July 2022Notes: Data greater than 1 metre is shown as 1 metre height. Name: Annual Sea Ice DurationDesc: Sea ice duration (contour lines) is the number of days sea ice concentrations above 15% occur between consecutive sea ice minima (assumed to occur on Feb 16 each year).Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2021Notes: Name: Sea Ice Duration AnomaliesDesc: Anomalies in sea ice duration show difference in duration of sea ice from the long term mean, where sea ice duration is the number of days sea ice concentrations above 15% occur between consecutive sea ice minima.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2021Notes: Anomalies in sea ice duration are calculated relative to the 1981 to 2010 mean. Name: Annual Sea Ice AdvanceDesc: Sea ice advance is the date when sea ice concentrations persist above 15% after the sea ice minimum.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2022Notes: Name: Sea Ice Advance AnomaliesDesc: Anomalies in sea ice advance show number of days (early/late) from the long term mean, where sea ice advance is the date when sea ice concentrations persist above 15% after the sea ice minimum.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2022Notes: Anomalies in sea ice advance are calculated relative to the 1981 to 2010 mean. Name: Annual Sea Ice RetreatDesc: Sea ice retreat is the date when sea ice concentrations persist below 15% occur after the sea ice maximum.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2021Notes: Name: Annual Sea Ice RetreatDesc: Anomalies in sea ice retreat show number of days (early/late) from the long term mean, where sea ice retreat is the date when sea ice concentrations persist below 15% occur after the sea ice maximum.Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)Source: NSIDC (National Snow and Ice Data Center)Resolution: 25km nominalTimeframe: 1980 to 2021Notes: Anomalies in sea ice retreat are calculated relative to the 1981 to 2010 mean. Name: Monthly Chlorophyll ConcentrationDesc: Chlorophyll-a is a proxy for phytoplankton activity in the ocean and is estimated through ocean colour remote sensing.Product: Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (Sathyendranath et al. 2019)Source: Ocean ColourResolution: 4km nominal, displayed at 10kmTimeframe: 1998-Jun 2022Notes: This product relies on reflectance in the visible spectrum and does not perform well at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes during periods of low light (April to August) or where there is dense sea ice cover. Name: Monthly Chlorophyll Concentration AnomaliesDesc: Anomalies in the monthly chlorophyll concentration are calculated relative to the 1998-2020 average for that month.Product: Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (Sathyendranath et al. 2019)Source: Ocean ColourResolution: 4km nominal, displayed at 10kmTimeframe: 1998-Jun 2022Notes: This product relies on reflectance in the visible spectrum and does not perform well at Southern Hemisphere high latitudes during periods of low light (April to August) or where there is dense sea ice cover. Name: Monthly Sea Surface TemperatureDesc: Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is an estimate of the water temperature at the ocean surface calculated from satellite and surface observations.Product: Met Office OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis) Near Real Time (Good et al. 2020)Source: CopernicusResolution: 0.05° × 0.05° NominalTimeframe: Oct 1981 to presentNotes: There is limited validation of SST remote sensing datasets in the marginal ice zone and close to Antarctica. SST within polynyas and within areas of low concentration sea ice are included but not well validated. Where SST under high concentration sea ice cannot be calculated from observations, it defaults to -1.8°C. Name: Monthly Sea Surface Temperature AnomaliesDesc: Anomalies in the monthly Sea Surface Temperature (SST) are calculated relative to the 1981 to 2010 average for that month.Product: Met Office OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis) Near Real Time (Good et al. 2020)Source: CopernicusResolution: 0.05° × 0.05° NominalTimeframe: Oct 1981 to presentNotes: There is limited validation of SST remote sensing datasets in the marginal ice zone and close to Antarctica. SST within polynyas and within areas of low concentration sea ice are included but not well validated. Where SST under high concentration sea ice cannot be calculated from observations, it defaults to -1.8°C. Name: International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2) (Dorschel et al. 2022)Desc: Bathymetry is a measure of the depth of the ocean, provided for the areas south of 50° S. The product chosen is a digital bathymetric model for the area south of 50° S with special emphasis on the bathymetry of the Southern Ocean. The total data coverage of the seafloor is 23.79% with a multibeam-only data coverage of 22.32%. The remaining 1.47% include singlebeam and other data.Product: International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2) (Dorschel et al. 2022)Source: PangaeaResolution: 5km nominalTimeframe: Released 2022Notes: The source product is provided at 500m nominal resolution, which has been regridded to the 5km nominal resolution displayed.See the metadata record "AAS_4506_NILAS_SOFTWARE" for information about the Nilas software package.

本数据集包含多组带有时空信息的变量，涉及海冰与南大洋。该数据集被nilas.org平台用于在网页浏览器中对这些变量进行动态可视化展示。上述数据共同构成了宝贵的研究资源，可用于探究物理、气候与生物地球化学参数之间的相互作用。相关变量涵盖用于研究三维海冰、叶绿素以及海表温度的数据集。本数据集的时间跨度为1980年至今，空间覆盖范围为环南极海域。

Name: 逐日海冰密集度（Sea Ice Concentration）
Desc: 海冰密集度指单位面积内的海冰覆盖占比，该数据通过对南极海岸线周边所有海域的海冰进行卫星观测计算得到。自然状态下，海冰覆盖的最小面积出现在2月，最大面积则出现在9月。
Product: ARTIST (ASI 5) (Spreen et al. 2008)
Source: 不莱梅大学（Universität Bremen）
Resolution: 标称分辨率6.125千米
Timeframe: 2012年至今
Notes: 已剔除密集度低于15%的数据。

Name: 逐月海冰密集度（Sea Ice Concentration）
Desc: 海冰密集度指单位面积内的海冰覆盖占比，该数据通过对南极海岸线周边所有海域的海冰进行卫星观测计算得到。自然状态下，海冰覆盖的最小面积出现在2月，最大面积则出现在9月。
Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至今
Notes: 已剔除密集度低于15%的数据。

Name: 海冰密集度月距平
Desc: 海冰密集度距平指当月海冰密集度与长期平均值的月度偏差。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至今
Notes: 距平值计算方式为当月海冰密集度与该月1981-2010年平均海冰密集度的差值，未展示距平绝对值小于7.5%的数据。

Name: 长期月均海冰范围
Desc: 海冰范围以海冰密集度为15%和80%的等值线进行计算。
Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)
Source: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Resolution: 标称分辨率：未标注
Timeframe: 1980年至今
Notes: 剔除顶点数少于15个的等值线。

Name: 长期月均海冰范围（1981-2010基准）
Desc: 该数据为1981-2010时段内的月均海冰范围，以15%和80%的长期（1981-2010）平均海冰密集度对应的等值线计算得到。
Product: Sea Ice Index (Windnagel et al. 2017)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率：未标注
Timeframe: 1981-2010年长期月均序列
Notes: 剔除顶点数少于15个的等值线。

Name: 网格化海冰干舷（ATL20）ICESat-2
Desc: 海冰干舷指开阔水道内海冰水面线与海冰表面高度之间的垂直距离。本数据集包含逐月网格化的海冰干舷估算值，其数据源自ATLAS/ICESat-2 L3A海冰干舷产品（ATL10，V3）的沿轨干舷估算结果。
Product: ATL20 (Petty et al. 2020)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 2018年10月至2022年7月
Notes: 高度超过1米的数据统一显示为1米。

Name: 年海冰持续时长
Desc: 海冰持续时长以等值线表示，指两次连续海冰最小值（假定为每年2月16日）之间，海冰密集度高于15%的天数总和。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2021年
Notes: 无

Name: 海冰持续时长距平
Desc: 海冰持续时长距平指海冰持续时长与长期平均值的偏差，其中海冰持续时长为两次连续海冰最小值之间海冰密集度高于15%的天数总和。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2021年
Notes: 海冰持续时长距平以1981-2010年平均值为基准计算得到。

Name: 年海冰结冰起始日期
Desc: 海冰结冰起始日期指海冰最小值过后，海冰密集度持续高于15%的起始日期。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2022年
Notes: 无

Name: 海冰结冰起始日期距平
Desc: 海冰结冰起始日期距平指海冰结冰起始日期与长期平均值的偏差天数，分为提前或滞后，其中海冰结冰起始日期为海冰最小值过后海冰密集度持续高于15%的起始日期。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2022年
Notes: 海冰结冰起始日期距平以1981-2010年平均值为基准计算得到。

Name: 年海冰消融终止日期
Desc: 海冰消融终止日期指海冰最大值过后，海冰密集度持续低于15%的起始日期。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2021年
Notes: 无

Name: 海冰消融终止日期距平
Desc: 海冰消融终止日期距平指海冰消融终止日期与长期平均值的偏差天数，分为提前或滞后，其中海冰消融终止日期为海冰最大值过后海冰密集度持续低于15%的起始日期。
Product: Climate Data Record and Near Real-Time Sea Ice Concentration (Windnagel et al. 2021)
Source: 美国国家雪冰数据中心（NSIDC, National Snow and Ice Data Center）
Resolution: 标称分辨率25千米
Timeframe: 1980年至2021年
Notes: 海冰消融终止日期距平以1981-2010年平均值为基准计算得到。

Name: 月均叶绿素浓度
Desc: 叶绿素a（Chlorophyll-a）是海洋浮游植物活动的替代指标，通过海洋色彩遥感技术进行估算。
Product: Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (Sathyendranath et al. 2019)
Source: Ocean Colour
Resolution: 标称分辨率4千米，展示分辨率10千米
Timeframe: 1998年至2022年6月
Notes: 该产品基于可见光波段反射率计算，在南半球高纬度地区的低光照时段（4月至8月）或海冰密集覆盖区域，反演效果不佳。

Name: 月均叶绿素浓度距平
Desc: 月均叶绿素浓度距平以该月1998-2020年的平均值为基准计算得到。
Product: Ocean Colour Climate Change Initiative (Sathyendranath et al. 2019)
Source: Ocean Colour
Resolution: 标称分辨率4千米，展示分辨率10千米
Timeframe: 1998年至2022年6月
Notes: 该产品基于可见光波段反射率计算，在南半球高纬度地区的低光照时段（4月至8月）或海冰密集覆盖区域，反演效果不佳。

Name: 月均海表温度（Sea Surface Temperature, SST）
Desc: 海表温度指通过卫星与地面观测数据估算得到的海洋表层水温。
Product: Met Office OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis) Near Real Time (Good et al. 2020)
Source: Copernicus
Resolution: 标称分辨率0.05°×0.05°
Timeframe: 1981年10月至今
Notes: 海表温度遥感数据集在冰缘带及南极近岸区域的验证较为有限。冰间湖与低海冰密集度区域的海表温度数据已纳入，但未得到充分验证。当高海冰密集度区域的海表温度无法通过观测计算得到时，默认赋值为-1.8℃。

Name: 月均海表温度距平
Desc: 月均海表温度距平以该月1981-2010年的平均值为基准计算得到。
Product: Met Office OSTIA (Operational Sea Surface Temperature and Sea Ice Analysis) Near Real Time (Good et al. 2020)
Source: Copernicus
Resolution: 标称分辨率0.05°×0.05°
Timeframe: 1981年10月至今
Notes: 海表温度遥感数据集在冰缘带及南极近岸区域的验证较为有限。冰间湖与低海冰密集度区域的海表温度数据已纳入，但未得到充分验证。当高海冰密集度区域的海表温度无法通过观测计算得到时，默认赋值为-1.8℃。

Name: 南大洋国际水深图第二版（International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2, IBCSO v2）(Dorschel et al. 2022)
Desc: 水深指海洋深度数据，本数据集覆盖南纬50°以南海域。本次选用的产品为南纬50°以南海域的数字水深模型，重点覆盖南大洋海底地形。海底地形数据总覆盖率为23.79%，其中仅多波束测深数据覆盖率为22.32%，剩余1.47%的数据包含单波束测深及其他类型数据。
Product: International Bathymetric Chart of the Southern Ocean Version 2 (IBCSO v2) (Dorschel et al. 2022)
Source: Pangaea
Resolution: 标称分辨率5千米
Timeframe: 2022年发布
Notes: 源数据的标称分辨率为500米，已重采样至展示所用的5千米标称分辨率。有关Nilas软件包的详细信息，请参阅元数据记录"AAS_4506_NILAS_SOFTWARE"。