Data from: Genetic characterization of the endangered and endemic anchialine squat lobster Munidopsis polymorpha from Lanzarote (Canary Islands): management implications

Anchialine species show restricted geographic ranges, high habitat specificity and small population sizes. These factors make them particularly vulnerable to human activities, yet little is known about their ecology and evolutionary history. Munidopsis polymorpha is a decapod endemic to an anchialine cave system of the Corona lava tube in Lanzarote (Canary Islands). The present study, the first genetic survey conducted on this largely unknown species, was designed to characterize its genetic diversity, population structure and recent demographic history using sequence data for the COI gene and eight microsatellite. A single haplotype was identified in the mitochondrial dataset. Nuclear genetic diversity was also low (average= 4.375 ± 1.685). No significant genetic structure was detected between sampling sites and years, either by AMOVA (FST = 0.006, P= 0.110) or Bayesian clustering analysis (K = 1), indicating this species should be treated as a single management unit. Neither did we find evidence for a recent bottleneck event, and estimates of effective population size were extremely low (∼ 50). The lack of population structure, low genetic diversity and extremely low effective population size reinforces the high degree of isolation and endemicity of this species and consequently the need to implement appropriate management actions.锚穴物种（anchialine species）的地理分布范围狭窄，生境特异性强且种群规模较小。上述特征使其极易受到人类活动的影响，但目前学界对其生态学特征与演化历史却知之甚少。多形异铠甲虾（Munidopsis polymorpha）是一种十足目甲壳动物，为加那利群岛兰萨罗特岛科罗纳熔岩管内锚穴洞穴系统的特有物种。本研究是针对这一鲜为人知的物种开展的首次遗传学调查，旨在通过细胞色素氧化酶亚基I（COI）基因序列数据与8个微卫星位点（microsatellite），解析其遗传多样性、种群结构及近期种群动态历史。线粒体数据集中仅检测到1种单倍型（haplotype），核遗传多样性同样较低（平均值为4.375 ± 1.685）。无论是通过分子方差分析（Analysis of Molecular Variance, AMOVA，FST=0.006，P=0.110）还是贝叶斯聚类分析（K=1），均未发现采样位点与采样年份间存在显著遗传结构，表明该物种应被划分为单一管理单元（management unit）。研究未检测到近期种群瓶颈事件（bottleneck event）的相关证据，且有效种群大小（effective population size）的估算值极低（约为50）。种群结构缺失、遗传多样性低下以及有效种群规模极低的特征，进一步强化了该物种的高度孤立性与特有性，因此亟需实施适宜的保护管理措施。