"Table 118" of "Properties of jet fragmentation using charged particles measured with the ATLAS detector in $pp$ collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV"

CERN-LHC. This paper presents a measurement of quantities related to the formation of jets from high energy quarks and gluons (fragmentation). Jets with $100$ GeV $ 500$ MeV~and $|\eta| < 2.5$~are used to probe the detailed structure of the jet. The fragmentation properties of the more forward and the more central of the leading two jets from each event are studied. The data are unfolded to correct for detector resolution and acceptance effects. Comparisons to parton shower Monte Carlo generators indicate that existing models provide a reasonable description of the data across a wide range of phase space, but there are also significant differences. Furthermore, the data are interpreted in the context of quark- and gluon-initiated jets by exploiting the rapidity dependence of the jet flavor fraction. A first measurement of the charged-particle multiplicity using model-independent jet labels (topic modeling) provides a promising alternative to traditional quark- and gluon- extractions using simulation input. The simulations provide a reasonable description of the quark-like data across the jet $p_\text{T}$ range presented in this measurement, but the gluon-like data have systematically fewer charged particles than the simulations. Uncertainties are broken down by category and should be treated as fully correlated between bins and between observables except for statistical uncertainties.欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机（CERN-LHC）。本文针对高能夸克（quark）与胶子（gluon）碎裂形成喷注（jet）相关物理量开展测量研究。实验选取横向动量$p_ ext{T}$满足$100 ext{GeV} < p_ ext{T} < 500 ext{GeV}$、赝快度$|eta| < 2.5$的喷注，用以探究喷注的精细内部结构。本研究针对每个事件中前导双喷注的更向前与更中心的两个喷注的碎裂特性展开分析。为修正探测器分辨率与接收度效应，对实验数据进行了解折叠处理。通过与部分子喷注蒙特卡洛（parton shower Monte Carlo）发生器的对比可知，现有模型可在较宽相空间区间内较好描述实验数据，但仍存在显著偏差。此外，本研究借助喷注味组分的快度依赖性，将实验数据诠释为夸克初始化与胶子初始化喷注。本研究采用与模型无关的喷注标签（主题建模topic modeling）开展带电粒子多重数的首次测量，为替代传统基于模拟输入的夸克、胶子喷注提取方法提供了极具前景的新思路。模拟结果可在本次测量覆盖的喷注横向动量范围内合理描述类夸克喷注数据，但类胶子喷注的带电粒子多重数系统性低于模拟结果。误差按类别划分，除统计误差外，各分箱与各可观测量间的误差均视为完全相关。