Table 1 in Production of bioactive cyclotides in somatic embryos of Viola odorata

Table 1 Effect of different phytohormone combinations on induction of somatic embryos (SEs) via indirect somatic embryogenesis.
Treatment numberCombination of phytohormones (mg/l)% Frequency of somaticMean number of somatic embryosObservationsembryos formed(Mean ± SEM)TDZNAA2,4-DBAP1––––0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed2––1–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dProliferation of callus3––3–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dProliferation of callus4––4.5–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dProliferation of callus51–0.5–60.0c0.93 ± 0.07cSEs formation61–1.5–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed70.5–3–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed81.5–4.5–0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed90.5–––46.7d1.27 ± 0.18cSEs & plantlet101–––86.7a20.80 ± 0.70aSEs & plantlet111.5–––73.3a11.20 ± 0.92bSEs & plantlet123–––0.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed13–––0.50.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed14–––10.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed15–––20.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed16–––30.0e0.00 ± 0.00dNo change was observed17–0.5–10.0e0.00 ± 0.00dPLB formation & poorly developedplants18–0.5–240.0d0.53 ± 0.07cdSEs formation192.50.5––46.7d0.87 ± 0.18cdSEs formation2010.5––40.0d0.87 ± 0.13cdSEs formation
a-e Means with same letters within a column are not significantly different at P <0.05, according to Duncan's multiple range test.
TDZ: thidiazuron; NAA: α- naphthalene acetic acid; 2,4-D: 2,4-dichloro phenoxyacetic acid; BAP: 6-benzylaminopurine; PLB: protocorm-like body.