Metabolite Markers Identify Pneumonia Better in Serum than Sputum or Broncho-Alveolar Lavage Fluid

Pneumonia biomarkers have long been considered as an improvement to current mainstream diagnostic method. However, there is a lack of comparison between the different patient sample types to be used for diagnostic biomarker development. We aimed to compare the differential metabolite biomarkers for pneumonia in serum, sputum, and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid. We managed to generate the biomarkers for pneumonia and linked metabolite biomarkers to pulmonary microbiota components identified from 16S sequencing.