Effects of Sand-Clay Composite Binder on the Performance of Ecological Coal based on the Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes

Ecological coal, to be effective, requires adequate know-how and above all a better composition of the inputs that go into its composition. The arid Sahelian zones have very few plants that can be considered as a binder in the production of ecological charcoal. For this is reason, it’s necessary to know how dune sand and clay available in the environment could be used as a binder provided that the proportions used are conducive to ensuring better energy performance in the final product. The ecological charcoal produced with Eichhornia crassipes, which is an invasive plant in fresh water, solves the ecological problems caused by its almost permanent and invasive presence. Thus its valorization as cooking energy is an option whose objective is to determine the effect of the sand-clay composite binder on the performance of the ecological charcoal based on the Biomass of Eichhornia crassipes as than cooking energy. The collection and sorting of these plants made it possible to prepare the raw material while their pre-treatment made it possible to carry out anaerobic carbonization between 400-600°C. Their physic-chemical characterizations made it possible to respectively obtain the average bulk density of the shredded material (ρapp) which is 823.94 ± 1.41 Kg/m3, the average humidity rate which is 4.54 ± 0.31 % and the average rate of volatile matter which is 12.83±0.73%. The performance of the green charcoal determined an average high ignition temperature of 308.22 ± 47.97°C, an average flammability time of 12 ± 1 seconds and an average maximum fire temperature of 958.33 ± 42.33°C. The burning and cooking test shows that the matched carbonized samples have a high ash heat (252.67±5.16°C) 30 minutes after burning, an average burn rate of 98% and a burn time of average of 448.05 ± 27.06 minutes.生态炭若要实现优异性能，需依托充足的专业技术支撑，核心在于优化其原料组分的配比。干旱的萨赫勒地区，可用于制备生态炭黏合剂的植物资源极为匮乏。有鉴于此，亟需探明如何利用当地易得的沙丘砂与黏土作为黏合剂，且需确保其配比可优化最终产品的能源性能。以凤眼莲（Eichhornia crassipes）——一种淡水入侵植物——为原料制备的生态炭，可有效解决其持续入侵所引发的各类生态问题。因此将其转化为炊事能源是可行路径，本研究旨在探明砂黏土复合黏合剂对以凤眼莲生物质为原料的生态炭炊事能源性能的影响。对该植物的收集与分选环节完成了原料制备，而预处理后可在400~600℃范围内进行厌氧炭化。对原料的理化表征结果显示：粉碎物料的平均堆积密度（ρapp）为823.94±1.41 kg/m³，平均含水率为4.54±0.31%，平均挥发分含量为12.83±0.73%。该生态炭的性能测试结果显示：其平均引燃温度为308.22±47.97℃，平均燃烧时长为12±1秒，最高平均燃烧温度为958.33±42.33℃。燃烧及炊事测试结果表明：炭化试样在燃烧30分钟后仍保有较高的灰层温度（252.67±5.16℃），平均燃烧率达98%，平均燃烧时长为448.05±27.06分钟。