Drift trajectories of the main sites of the Distributed Network of MOSAiC 2019/2020@en

During the “Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC)” in 2019/2020 a Distributed Network (DN) of autonomous stations (buoys) was installed on the sea ice and drifted across the Arctic Ocean. This network consisted of >200 individual devices ranging from simple position buoys to complex and interdisciplinary multi-sensor platforms. Most (complex) measurements were performed on sea ice floes (sites or nodes) by co-located instruments. These sites were called medium (M) and large (L) sites. In addition, autonomous instruments were operated in the Central Observatory (CO), which consisted of the research ice breaker Polarstern and the adjacent ice camp. Initially, 4 L and 9 M sites were installed around the CO in a distance of up to 40 km. However, their distances and relative positions changed over time due to the drift of the ice pack over time. Over the course of the MOSAiC expedition, 3 different COs were established because of re-locations of RV Polarstern: CO1 started with the first drift of Polarstern on 04 October 2019; CO2 started with the second drift on 19 June 2020; and CO3 started with the third drift on 21 August 2020.2019至2020年的北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate, MOSAiC）项目期间，科研团队在北极海冰上布设了一套自主观测站（浮标，autonomous stations (buoys)）分布式网络（Distributed Network, DN），该网络随海冰漂流横跨北冰洋。该网络包含200余台独立设备，涵盖简易定位浮标到复杂跨学科多传感器观测平台等各类设备。多数复杂观测由部署在海冰浮冰（观测点位或节点）上的同址仪器完成，这类点位被划分为中型（M）与大型（L）站点。此外，中央观测站（Central Observatory, CO）部署了自主观测仪器，该观测站由“极星号”科考破冰船（RV Polarstern）及毗邻的冰上营地组成。项目初期，科研团队在距离中央观测站至多40公里的范围内布设了4个大型站点与9个中型站点，但随着海冰群的持续漂流，这些站点的间距与相对位置随时间发生变化。在整个MOSAiC科考航次期间，因“极星号”科考破冰船的重新部署，共设立了3处中央观测站：CO1始于2019年10月4日“极星号”的首次漂流航段；CO2始于2020年6月19日的第二次漂流航段；CO3始于2020年8月21日的第三次漂流航段。