Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 measurements (Level 2 Complete), Multidisciplinary Drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC), central Arctic, October 2019 - September 2020.
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Processed (Level 2) measurements and derive parameters from the Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40 (ASFS40) deployed at various locations during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition drifting with the central Arctic sea ice from October 2019 through September 2020. The ASFS measured all variables of the surface energy budget, air-ice momentum flux, near-surface meteorology, and local position. Measurements high-resolution 3-dimensional winds were observed at a nominal height of 4-m. Measurements of upwelling broadband radiation and meteorology observed from a nominal height of 2-m. The measurements are included in three netCDF files per day. The “1min” mosmet files are comprised of 1-min averages of measured and derived variables, including near-surface meteorology, surface skin temperature, snow depth, radiative fluxes, and position. The “10min” mosseb files are 10-min averages of the same variables as in the 1-min files and also include calculations of turbulent sensible and latent heat fluxes, momentum flux, and associated diagnostics, surface stress, and Monin-Obukhov parameters using both eddy covariance and bulk methodologies, all valid for the 10-min intervals. Both of these file types also contain a “_qc” variable paired with each measurement variable, or family of variables, that is a temporally-matched quality control code: 0 = good data, 1 = caution (data may be suspect), 2 = bad data, 3 = engineering (data was collected for testing purposes and is unsuitable for scientific research), and -1 = missing (no data was collected). The “10hz” files include 3-dimensional winds and gas densities of water vapor and carbon dioxide that are quality-controlled, aggregated to a regular 10-Hz temporal grid, and (for winds) rotated into the earth coordinate frame. A detailed documentation of the measurement conditions, the processing steps taken to construct this data set, and other caveats and uncertainties are provided in an accompanying published data manuscript (Cox et al. 2023). For the scientific purposes of most users, we recommend use of the Level 3 data files, as these include only the best estimates of essential climate variables. Level 2 data is useful for those that want enhanced turbulence diagnostics parameters and/or to consider the use of some data that has been flagged as unsuitable for research. These data were obtained via a collaboration among the University of Colorado, NOAA Physical Sciences Laboratory, and the NOAA Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing (GOMO) program. Cox, C.J., M. Gallagher, M.D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, A. Solomon, C. W. Fairall, T. Ayers, B. Blomquist, I. Brooks, D. Costa, A. Grachev, D. Gottas, J. Hutchings, M. Kutchenreiter, J. Leach, S.M. Morris, V. Morris, J. Osborn, S. Pezoa, A. Preusser, L. Riihimaki, and T. Uttal (2023): Continuous observations of the surface energy budget and meteorology over Arctic sea ice during MOSAiC. To be submitted, Nature Scientific Data.
本数据集包含2019年10月至2020年9月期间，在北极气候研究多学科漂流观测站（Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate, MOSAiC）考察中随北极中央海冰漂流部署于多个点位的大气地表通量站40号（Atmospheric Surface Flux Station #40, ASFS40）的二级（Level 2）处理测量数据与衍生参数。 该通量站观测了地表能量收支、冰-空气动量通量、近地面气象参数及局地位置的全部变量。其中，高分辨率三维风场的观测标称高度为4米；上行宽带辐射与气象参数的观测标称高度为2米。 每日数据包含3个netCDF格式文件： 1. "1min" mosmet文件：包含测量与衍生变量的1分钟平均数据，涵盖近地面气象参数、地表表皮温度、雪深、辐射通量及位置信息。 2. "10min" mosseb文件：包含与1分钟文件相同变量的10分钟平均数据，同时包含基于涡动协方差与整体参数化方法计算得到的湍流感热通量、潜热通量、动量通量及相关诊断量、地表应力与莫宁-奥布霍夫（Monin-Obukhov）参数，所有计算结果均对应10分钟时间区间。 两类文件均为每个测量变量或变量组配备了时空匹配的质量控制（quality control, QC）标识变量"_qc"，其取值含义为：0为有效数据，1为可疑数据（数据存疑），2为无效数据，3为工程测试数据（仅用于测试，不适用于科学研究），-1为缺失数据（未采集到有效数据）。 3. "10hz"文件：包含经过质量控制的三维风场以及水汽、二氧化碳气体密度数据，这些数据被聚合至规则的10赫兹时间网格，其中风场数据还被旋转至地球坐标系下。 本数据集的测量条件、数据集构建的处理步骤及其他注意事项与不确定性，已在配套的已发表数据论文（Cox等，2023）中详细说明。针对多数用户的科学研究需求，我们推荐使用三级（Level 3）数据文件，该类文件仅包含核心气候变量的最优估计值。二级数据则适用于需要增强型湍流诊断参数，或希望纳入部分被标记为不适用于科研的数据的使用者。 本数据集由科罗拉多大学、美国国家海洋和大气管理局（NOAA）物理科学实验室以及NOAA全球海洋监测与观测（Global Ocean Monitoring and Observing, GOMO）项目合作完成。 Cox, C.J., M. Gallagher, M.D. Shupe, P.O.G. Persson, A. Solomon, C. W. Fairall, T. Ayers, B. Blomquist, I. Brooks, D. Costa, A. Grachev, D. Gottas, J. Hutchings, M. Kutchenreiter, J. Leach, S.M. Morris, V. Morris, J. Osborn, S. Pezoa, A. Preusser, L. Riihimaki, and T. Uttal (2023): 北极海冰区地表能量收支与气象连续观测结果（MOSAiC考察期间）。已提交至《Nature Scientific Data》.
