Predator research survey and monitoring in support of CCAMLR's management of the krill fishery

Metadata record for data from ASAC Project 2722See the link below for public details on this project.Public The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) aims to manage the harvesting of living resources in the Southern Ocean in a manner that is sustainable to the harvested species, dependent species and ecosystem processes. The krill fishery is one of the major fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Application of CCAMLR's policy in management of the krill fishery requires sound scientific information on both krill and krill-dependent (predator) species. This program aims to provide the scientific information on krill predators required by CCAMLR for sustainable management of the krill fishery through research, survey and monitoring activities.Taken from the 2009-2010 Progress Report:Project objectives:The Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR) aims to manage the harvesting of living resources in the Southern Ocean in a manner that is sustainable to the harvested species, dependent species and ecosystem processes. The krill fishery is one of the major fisheries in the Southern Ocean. Application of CCAMLR's policy to management of the krill fishery requires sound scientific information on both krill and krill-dependent (predator) species. This program of work aims broadly to provide the scientific information on krill predators required by CCAMLR for sustainable management of the krill fishery in the Australian Antarctic Territory against a background of other impacts such as climate change, and compliments separate SOE projects aimed at krill itself.This program is related to the previous multi-year project number 2205 (Adelie penguin research and monitoring in support of the CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Project (CEMP)) but recognises and addresses recent developments in CCAMLR that include (i) the current development of a krill management procedure, (ii) a review of outputs from past CEMP work and recognition of the likely need to re-design CEMP to meet the needs of the new krill management procedure, and (iii) the need to estimate predator consumption of krill as part of the krill management procedure. Although the previous project 2205 focussed on Adelie penguins in the Mawson region exclusively, this new program will include consideration of additional species and regions to allow improvements in both ecosystem monitoring and estimation of krill consumption.The program was approved in 2005 as a multi-year ASAC project with four major sub-programs or projects which have strong methodological and practical cross-linkages and overlap. The projects and their objectives are:(1) Development of cost-effective methods for surveying and monitoring predator populations at the large spatial scales required by CCAMLR,(2) Estimation of the abundance of krill predators in CCAMLR Statistical Areas 58.4.1 and 58.4.2 (which together span the width of the Australian Antarctic Territory),(3) Assessment of spatio-temporal variability in predator performance parameters to enable the design of an effective and efficient monitoring program, and to examine metapopulation dynamics(4) Continuation of selected aspects of project 2205 to (i) improve estimates and understanding of temporal variability and population dynamics and (ii) continue the application of CEMP.We propose to continue these projects in 2008/09 and commence some additional projects. Projects (1) and (2) will be expanded beyond Adelie penguins to include some species of flying seabirds. Additional work related to the AAD's management of the Rookery Islands Specially Protected Area is proposed which would be undertaken in collaboration with the AADs environmental policy section, and aims to assess the status of the Southern Giant Petrel. It would be undertaken in conjunction with planned surveys of Adelie penguins and some flying seabird species in the Rookery Islands (project 2). Details of the work will be outlined in a separate proposal submitted by the AAD environmental policy section. A additional project is related to an IPY approved project focussing on Adelie penguins as indicators in the Southern Ocean. The objective of this new project is to co-ordinate some aspects of the work of Adelie penguin researchers around Antarctica to improve understanding of broad-scale processes in the Southern Ocean. A planning meeting in May 2007 had to be postponed until September 2007 and consequently it is not yet possible to outline the details of this project. We will provide project details as soon as possible after the September 2007 meeting and request that a late submission be accepted for this project.Progress against objectives:(1) Implementation and further development of cost-effective methods for surveying and monitoring predator populations at the large spatial scales required by CCAMLR.Camera technology has been developed and is now being used to monitor Adelie penguin populations on several islands in the Mawson and Davis areas. Methods for cost-effective development of regional population size have also been developed and applied in the Mawson and Davis areas. Flying seabirds have been incorporated in the monitoring program by developing and implementing monitoring methods of snow petrel on Bechervaise Island.(2) Estimation of the abundance of krill predators in CCAMLR Statistical Areas 58.4.1 and 58.4.2 (which together span the width of the Australian Antarctic Territory).Aerial surveys were undertaken of Adelie penguin populations in the Vestfold Hills and Rauers Islands. Reconnaissance surveys of Adelie penguin distribution were conducted by the CASA aircraft between Casey and Mirny. Ground surveys of Adelie penguin populations were undertaken in the Mawson region(3) Assessment of spatio-temporal variability in predator performance parameters to enable the design of an effective and efficient monitoring program, and to examine metapopulation dynamics.Population surveys and the use of cameras at multiple sites in the Mawson area are providing data on Adelie penguin meta-population dynamics.(4) Continuation of selected aspects of project 2205 to (i) improve estimates and understanding of temporal variability and population dynamics and (ii) continue the application of CEMP.Measurement of Adelie penguin population size, foraging trip duration, breeding success and survival at Bechervaise Island continued in 2009/10(5) Assessment of the winter foraging distribution of Adelie penguins.Satellite trackers were successfully deployed on 15 fledgling Adelie penguins.

南极科学咨询委员会（Antarctic Science Advisory Committee, ASAC）2722号项目数据集元数据记录
请点击下方链接查看本项目的公开详情。

公开信息显示：《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》（Convention for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, CCAMLR）旨在以可持续的方式管理南大洋的生物资源捕捞活动，兼顾被捕捞物种、依存物种与生态系统过程的存续。南极磷虾渔业是南大洋的主要渔业类型之一。要将CCAMLR的政策应用于磷虾渔业管理，需获取关于磷虾及其依存捕食者物种的可靠科学数据。本项目旨在通过研究、调查与监测活动，为CCAMLR开展磷虾渔业可持续管理提供所需的磷虾捕食者相关科学数据。

节选自2009-2010年度进度报告：
项目目标：
《南极海洋生物资源养护公约》（CCAMLR）旨在以可持续的方式管理南大洋的生物资源捕捞活动，兼顾被捕捞物种、依存物种与生态系统过程的存续。南极磷虾渔业是南大洋的主要渔业类型之一。要将CCAMLR的政策应用于磷虾渔业管理，需获取关于磷虾及其依存捕食者物种的可靠科学数据。本项目总体目标是，在气候变化等其他影响因素的背景下，为澳大利亚南极领地内的磷虾渔业可持续管理提供CCAMLR所需的磷虾捕食者相关科学数据，并与针对磷虾本身的独立环境状况（State of the Environment, SOE）项目形成互补。

本项目与此前的多年期项目2205（为支持CCAMLR生态系统监测项目（CCAMLR Ecosystem Monitoring Project, CEMP）开展的阿德利企鹅研究与监测）相关，但同时针对CCAMLR的最新发展进行了调整与优化，包括：① 当前正在制定的磷虾管理规程；② 对过往CEMP工作成果的评估，以及为适配新磷虾管理规程的需求，可能需要重新设计CEMP的认知；③ 作为磷虾管理规程组成部分，需估算捕食者对磷虾的捕食量。

尽管此前的项目2205仅聚焦于莫森地区的阿德利企鹅，但本新项目将纳入更多物种与区域，以优化生态系统监测与磷虾捕食量估算工作。

本项目于2005年获批为ASAC多年期项目，包含四个核心子项目，各子项目间在方法学与实践层面存在紧密的交叉关联与重叠。各子项目及其目标如下：
1. 开发适用于CCAMLR要求的大空间尺度下捕食者种群调查与监测的低成本高效方法；
2. 估算CCAMLR统计分区58.4.1与58.4.2（二者共同覆盖澳大利亚南极领地全域）内的磷虾捕食者种群丰度；
3. 评估捕食者性能参数的时空变异性，以设计高效可行的监测方案，并研究集合种群动态；
4. 延续项目2205的部分工作内容：(i) 优化对时间变异性与种群动态的估算与认知；(ii) 持续推进CEMP的应用。

我们计划在2008/09年度延续上述子项目，并启动若干新增项目。子项目1与2的研究范围将从阿德利企鹅拓展至部分飞海鸟物种。

此外，我们提议开展与澳大利亚南极局（Australian Antarctic Division, AAD）繁殖岛特别保护区管理相关的工作，该工作将与AAD环境政策部门合作完成，旨在评估南巨鹱的种群现状。本次调查将与繁殖岛（子项目2）内计划开展的阿德利企鹅与部分飞海鸟物种调查同步进行。相关工作细节将由AAD环境政策部门提交的独立提案另行说明。

另有一个新增项目与获批的国际极地年（International Polar Year, IPY）项目相关，该项目以阿德利企鹅作为南大洋的指示物种。本新项目的目标是协调全球南极地区阿德利企鹅研究者的部分工作，以加深对南大洋大尺度生态过程的认知。原定于2007年5月召开的规划会议被迫推迟至2007年9月，因此目前尚无法说明本项目的具体细节。我们将在2007年9月的会议结束后尽快公布项目细节，并恳请允许本项目延迟提交申报材料。

目标完成进展：
1. 落实并进一步开发适用于CCAMLR要求的大空间尺度下捕食者种群调查与监测的低成本高效方法。
已开发摄像头监测技术，并已用于莫森与戴维斯地区多个岛屿的阿德利企鹅种群监测。同时，已开发并应用了低成本的区域种群规模估算方法，覆盖莫森与戴维斯地区。通过开发并实施贝切韦斯岛雪鹱的监测方法，飞海鸟已被纳入本监测计划。
2. 估算CCAMLR统计分区58.4.1与58.4.2内的磷虾捕食者种群丰度。
已对弗雷泽尔德丘陵与劳尔斯群岛的阿德利企鹅种群开展航空调查；已通过CASA飞机在凯西站与米尔尼站之间开展阿德利企鹅分布的侦察调查；已在莫森地区开展阿德利企鹅种群的地面调查。
3. 评估捕食者性能参数的时空变异性，以设计高效可行的监测方案，并研究集合种群动态。
通过莫森地区多个点位的种群调查与摄像头监测，已获取阿德利企鹅集合种群动态的相关数据。
4. 延续项目2205的部分工作内容：(i) 优化对时间变异性与种群动态的估算与认知；(ii) 持续推进CEMP的应用。
2009/10年度，我们持续开展了贝切韦斯岛阿德利企鹅的种群规模、觅食往返时长、繁殖成功率与存活率的监测工作。
5. 评估阿德利企鹅的冬季觅食分布范围。
已成功为15只刚羽化的阿德利企鹅佩戴卫星追踪器。