Effect of chitosan microparticles on the uterine microbiome of dairy cows with metritis

Third-generation cephalosporins such as ceftiofur are commonly used to treat metritis in dairy cows. Chitosan microparticles have been shown to have a broad spectrum of activity in vitro and to be effective against uterine pathogens in vivo; therefore, it has been hailed as a possible alternative to traditional antibiotics. Nonetheless, herein we saw that chitosan microparticles slowed the progression of the uterine microbiome of cows with metritis towards a healthy uterine microbiome, whereas ceftiofur treatment hastened the progression towards a healthy uterine microbiome.