Vehicle safety ratings estimated from police-reported crash data: 2023 update - Australian and New Zealand crashes during 1987-2021 (MUARC Report No. 367).

This study describes the calculation of updated ratings that measure the relative safety of vehicles in preventing severe injury to people involved in crashes. Three different aspects of secondary safety are examined: crashworthiness which focuses on drivers of the rated vehicle; aggressivity which focuses on drivers of other vehicles and unprotected road users such as pedestrians, cyclists and motorcyclists colliding with the rated vehicle; and total secondary safety which examines the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance of the rated vehicle. Updated ratings for 1982-2021 model vehicles were estimated based on data on crashes in Victoria, New South Wales, Queensland, Western Australia, New Zealand and South Australia during 1987-2021.Crashworthiness estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 824 vehicle models classified into ten market groups. Aggressivity rating estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 743 vehicle models. The total secondary safety index estimates and their associated confidence limits were obtained for 890 vehicle models classified into ten market groups. This update of the vehicle safety ratings includes estimation of a vehicle primary safety (crash avoidance) index reflecting the fitment of key proven crash avoidance technologies including electronic stability control, roll stability control, autonomous emergency braking, lane keep assist and reversing sensors and cameras.A method for calculating the Overall Safety rating, which measures the combined crashworthiness and aggressivity performance reflecting the relevant importance of each attribute in determining overall injury outcomes in a crash, is also described. The rating presentation classifies vehicles according to where their rating lies across equal quintiles.The relationship between vehicle crashworthiness and the year of manufacture of Australian passenger and light commercial vehicles manufactured from 1964 to 2021 was also investigated. Trends were examined by year of manufacture both for the fleet as a whole and by market group for vehicles manufactured from 1982 to 2021.The results of this report are based on a number of assumptions and warrant a number of qualifications that should be noted.

本研究详述了更新版车辆安全评级的计算逻辑，此类评级用于量化车辆在碰撞事故中降低涉事人员重伤风险的相对安全表现。本研究从三个维度考察车辆被动安全（Secondary Safety）性能：其一为耐撞性（Crashworthiness），聚焦受评级车辆驾乘人员的安全表现；其二为碰撞攻击性（Aggressivity），聚焦与受评级车辆发生碰撞的其他车辆驾乘人员以及行人、骑行者、摩托车骑手等无保护道路使用者的受伤害风险；其三为综合被动安全性能（Total Secondary Safety），用于评估受评级车辆的耐撞性与碰撞攻击性的综合表现。本研究基于1987年至2021年间维多利亚州、新南威尔士州、昆士兰州、西澳大利亚州、新西兰以及南澳大利亚州的碰撞事故数据，对1982至2021款车型的更新版安全评级进行了测算。针对划分为10个市场组别的824款车型，本研究得出了其耐撞性测算结果及对应的置信区间；针对743款车型，得出了其碰撞攻击性评级测算结果及对应置信区间；针对划分为10个市场组别的890款车型，得出了其综合被动安全指数测算结果及对应置信区间。本次车辆安全评级更新还包含了车辆主动安全（碰撞规避，Primary Safety (Crash Avoidance)）指数的测算，该指数用于反映车辆搭载的经验证的关键碰撞规避技术配置情况，包括电子稳定控制系统（Electronic Stability Control）、侧翻稳定控制系统（Roll Stability Control）、自动紧急制动（Autonomous Emergency Braking）、车道保持辅助（Lane Keep Assist）以及倒车传感器与倒车摄像头。本研究同时阐述了综合安全评级（Overall Safety Rating）的计算方法，该评级通过结合耐撞性与碰撞攻击性的表现，并结合各属性对碰撞事故中整体伤害结果的相对重要性，来综合衡量车辆的安全性能。评级展示环节将车辆按照其评级在均等五分位数区间内的分布位置进行分类。本研究同时探究了1964年至2021年间澳大利亚生产的乘用车辆与轻型商用车的耐撞性与车辆生产年份之间的关联。针对1982年至2021年间生产的车辆，本研究分别从整体车队维度以及各市场组维度，按生产年份分析了相关安全性能趋势。本报告的研究结果基于多项假设前提，同时存在若干需留意的限定条件。