Adjusted mean differencesa in total QOL and domain QOL scores assessed at 36 months after cancer diagnosis by pattern and cumulative level of ginseng and G. lucidum use post-diagnosis, Shanghai Breast Cancer Survival Study, 2002–2008.

Note: Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; QOL, quality of life.aObtained from multiple linear regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis, educational level, income, marital status, exercise participation, tea consumption, menopausal status, menopausal symptoms, comorbidity, body mass index (BMI), vitamin supplement use, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) use, TNM stage, type of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, tamoxifen use, ER/PR status, recurrence/metastasis, and baseline total QOL. Participants who never reported having regularly used ginseng or G. lucidum on all three surveys served as the reference.