Tycho Region Database of impact craters >=21 meters on the Moon.

This dataset presents the results of an innovative AI-driven lunar crater mapping project, focused exclusively on the Tycho region of the Moon at 21m/px (see Version V2 for the global catalog at 100m/px) , marking the first comprehensive application of artificial intelligence to detect, classify, and map lunar craters. Created through extensive work over a two-year period, this dataset leverages YOLOLens, a state-of-the-art deep learning model specifically optimized for high-resolution crater detection. YOLOLens, an innovative variant of the YOLO architecture, has been fine-tuned to handle the unique challenges of lunar surface imagery, delivering unparalleled accuracy in crater identification and localization. Detailed information on the model architecture and methodology can be found in relevant publications on:

La Grassa, Riccardo, et al. "YOLOLens: A deep learning model based on super-resolution to enhance the crater detection of the planetary surfaces." Remote Sensing 15.5 (2023): 1171,  https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15051171.

La Grassa, R, et al. "LU5M812TGT: An AI-Powered global database of impact craters ≥0.4 km on the Moon", ISPRS Journal of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing, 2025, ISSN 0924-2716, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.isprsjprs.2024.11.010.

The dataset preparation process involved rigorous steps in preprocessing and post-processing to enhance the quality and usability of the data. Preprocessing techniques were employed to reduce noise and enhance contrast within the complex lunar landscape, while post-processing was used to refine the accuracy of crater boundaries and dimensions detected by the model. This approach facilitated a high-confidence dataset that stands as a valuable resource for the astronomical and AI research communities.

The area analyzed in this dataset is defined by the following coordinates: longitude [-21.0000000001998046, 44.9997999998701630] and latitude [-50.9998000002697722, 39.0000000003997229].

This dataset, which includes over 6.8 million craters at a resolution of 21m/px, is a valuable resource for both astrophysicists and AI researchers. It provides precisely labeled crater data, including coordinates, dimensions, and classifications, serving as an essential benchmark for comparative analyses, model validation, and advancements in lunar and planetary science.

Notably, the global catalog created using the WAC imagery at 100m/px resolution is available in version V2 of this repository. This global dataset complements the Tycho region-specific data by offering a broader perspective on lunar crater distribution.

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Release of a Tycho area at 21m/px of craters catalog  with more than 6.8 million craters.

File source csv

Header: Longitude, Latitude, Diameter_w, Diameter_h, Confidence.

The coordinates are absolute in the range of [-180, +180] of Longitude and [-90, +90] of Latitude.

Diameters (km)