Clinical assessment of symptomatic malaria patients recruited in this study.

a.Total RNA extracted form Yunnan field isolates were used in diversity and distribution analysis of var-DBLα sequence at the time point of collection (“0” hr). b.Field isolates from Yunnan and Myanmar used in adaptive cultivation in vitro for ∼2 month, and measured of transcription profile and cytoadherent features during the course. c.Myanmar field isolates used in adaptive cultivation in vitro for ∼16 days, and measured of transcription profile in rings and trophozoites. d.The dominant var transcript at collection time. 1.The dominant var transcripts were identified by cDNA cloning-sequencing strategy. 2.Not done. 3.The dominant var transcripts were identified by qRT-PCR with var subtype-specific primers.