juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature

---
license: cc-by-4.0
pretty_name: "IAU Planetary Nomenclature"
language:
- en
description: "IAU-approved named features on Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury — craters, mountains, plains, and more from the USGS Planetary Nomenclature database."
task_categories:
- tabular-classification
- tabular-regression
tags:
- space
- planetary-science
- nomenclature
- iau
- moon
- mars
- venus
- mercury
- usgs
- open-data
- tabular-data
- parquet
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/planetary_nomenclature.parquet
default: true
---

# IAU Planetary Nomenclature

*Part of the [Planetary Science Datasets](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/planetary-science-datasets-69c2d4683bd6a66c34fb4af2) collection on Hugging Face.*

IAU-approved named features on Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury -- **13,723** features
across 4 planetary bodies, including craters, mountains, plains, and more
from the USGS Planetary Nomenclature database. Approval dates span **1935** to **2026**.

## Dataset description

This dataset contains every IAU-approved named surface feature (crater, mons, planitia,
vallis, etc.) on the Moon, Mars, Venus, and Mercury. The data comes from the USGS
Astrogeology Science Center's Planetary Nomenclature database, which maintains the
official IAU gazetteer of planetary feature names.

Each record includes the feature name, geographic coordinates (center point and bounding
box), diameter, feature type, approval status, and cultural origin/ethnicity metadata.

## Features per body

- **MOON**: 9,084 features
- **MARS**: 2,048 features
- **VENUS**: 1,985 features
- **MERCURY**: 606 features

## Schema

| Column | Type | Description |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `name` | string | Official IAU feature name |
| `clean_name` | string | Cleaned/normalized feature name |
| `body` | string | Planetary body (MOON, MARS, VENUS, MERCURY) |
| `approvaldt` | datetime | IAU approval date |
| `origin` | string | Name origin/meaning |
| `diameter` | float64 | Feature diameter in km |
| `center_lon` | float64 | Center longitude (decimal degrees) |
| `center_lat` | float64 | Center latitude (decimal degrees) |
| `type` | string | Feature type (Crater, Mons, Mare, Planitia, etc.) |
| `code` | string | Feature type code |
| `approval` | string | Approval status |
| `min_lon` | float64 | Minimum bounding longitude |
| `max_lon` | float64 | Maximum bounding longitude |
| `min_lat` | float64 | Minimum bounding latitude |
| `max_lat` | float64 | Maximum bounding latitude |
| `ethnicity` | string | Cultural/ethnic origin of name |
| `continent` | string | Continent associated with name origin |
| `quad_name` | string | USGS quadrangle name |
| `quad_code` | string | USGS quadrangle code |
| `link` | string | Link to USGS nomenclature page |

## Quick stats

- **13,723** named features across 4 bodies
- **44** distinct feature types
- **13,723** features with known diameter
- Top types: Satellite Feature (7,063), Crater, craters (4,179), Corona, coronae (341), Vallis, valles (248), Mons, montes (239)
- Approval dates: 1935--2026

## Usage

```python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# All lunar craters
lunar_craters = df[(df["body"] == "MOON") & (df["type"] == "Crater")]

# Largest features by diameter
biggest = df.sort_values("diameter", ascending=False).head(20)

# Features by body and type
by_body_type = df.groupby(["body", "type"]).size().sort_values(ascending=False)

# Recently approved features
recent = df.sort_values("approvaldt", ascending=False).head(20)
```

## Data source

[USGS Astrogeology Science Center -- Planetary Nomenclature](https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/),
maintained by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) Working Group for Planetary
System Nomenclature. Shapefiles updated nightly on AWS S3.

## Update schedule

Static dataset (nomenclature changes are infrequent).

## Related datasets

- [lunar-craters-robbins](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lunar-craters-robbins) -- Robbins lunar crater database
- [mars-craters-robbins](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mars-craters-robbins) -- Robbins Mars crater database
- [meteorite-landings](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/meteorite-landings) -- NASA meteorite landing records
- [solar-system-moons](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/solar-system-moons) -- Natural satellites of the solar system

## Pipeline

Source code: [juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## Support

If you find this dataset useful, please give it a ❤️ on the [dataset page](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature) and share feedback in the Community tab! Also consider giving a ⭐️ to the [space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets) repo.

## Citation

```bibtex
@dataset{planetary_nomenclature,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {IAU Planetary Nomenclature},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature},
note = {Based on USGS Astrogeology / IAU Working Group for Planetary System Nomenclature data}
}
```

## License

[CC-BY-4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)

license: CC BY 4.0
pretty_name: "IAU行星命名（IAU Planetary Nomenclature）"
language:
- en
description: "收录国际天文学联合会（International Astronomical Union, IAU）批准的月球、火星、金星与水星上的已命名地貌特征，涵盖撞击坑、山脉、平原等，数据源自美国地质调查局（United States Geological Survey, USGS）行星命名数据库。"
task_categories:
- 表格分类
- 表格回归
tags:
- 太空
- 行星科学
- 命名法
- IAU
- 月球
- 火星
- 金星
- 水星
- USGS
- 开放数据
- 表格数据
- Parquet
size_categories:
- 10K<n<100K
configs:
- config_name: default
data_files:
- split: train
path: data/planetary_nomenclature.parquet
default: true

# IAU行星命名（IAU Planetary Nomenclature）

*本数据集属于Hugging Face平台上的[行星科学数据集合集](https://huggingface.co/collections/juliensimon/planetary-science-datasets-69c2d4683bd6a66c34fb4af2)的一部分。*

国际天文学联合会（IAU）批准的月球、火星、金星与水星上的已命名地貌特征——共计**13723**个，分布于4个行星天体，涵盖撞击坑、孤峰、平原、峡谷等各类地貌，数据源自美国地质调查局（USGS）天体地质科学中心的行星命名数据库。地貌批准日期跨度为**1935**年至**2026**年。

## 数据集说明
本数据集包含月球、火星、金星与水星上所有经IAU批准命名的地表地貌（包括撞击坑、Mons（孤峰）、Planitia（平原）、Vallis（峡谷）等）。数据源自美国地质调查局（USGS）天体地质科学中心的行星命名数据库，该数据库负责维护IAU官方的行星地貌名称名录。

每条记录包含以下信息：地貌名称、地理坐标（中心点与边界框）、直径、地貌类型、批准状态，以及文化起源/族裔元数据。

## 各天体特征数量
- **月球（MOON）**：9084个特征
- **火星（MARS）**：2048个特征
- **金星（VENUS）**：1985个特征
- **水星（MERCURY）**：606个特征

## 数据Schema
| 列名 | 数据类型 | 说明 |
|--------|------|-------------|
| `name` | 字符串 | IAU官方地貌名称 |
| `clean_name` | 字符串 | 清洗/标准化后的地貌名称 |
| `body` | 字符串 | 所属行星天体（可选值：MOON、MARS、VENUS、MERCURY） |
| `approvaldt` | 日期时间 | IAU批准日期 |
| `origin` | 字符串 | 名称起源与含义 |
| `diameter` | float64 | 地貌直径，单位为千米 |
| `center_lon` | float64 | 中心点经度，单位为十进制度 |
| `center_lat` | float64 | 中心点纬度，单位为十进制度 |
| `type` | 字符串 | 地貌类型（如Crater（撞击坑）、Mons（孤峰）、Mare（月海）、Planitia（平原）等） |
| `code` | 字符串 | 地貌类型代码 |
| `approval` | 字符串 | 批准状态 |
| `min_lon` | float64 | 最小边界经度 |
| `max_lon` | float64 | 最大边界经度 |
| `min_lat` | float64 | 最小边界纬度 |
| `max_lat` | float64 | 最大边界纬度 |
| `ethnicity` | 字符串 | 名称的文化/族裔起源 |
| `continent` | 字符串 | 与名称起源相关的大陆 |
| `quad_name` | 字符串 | USGS四至图幅名称 |
| `quad_code` | 字符串 | USGS四至图幅代码 |
| `link` | 字符串 | 指向USGS地貌命名页面的链接 |

## 快速统计
- **13723**个已命名地貌，分布于4个行星天体
- **44**种不同的地貌类型
- **13723**个特征拥有已知直径
- 热门地貌类型：卫星地貌（7063个）、撞击坑（4179个）、冕状物（Corona，341个）、峡谷（Vallis，248个）、孤峰（Mons，239个）
- 批准日期范围：1935年至2026年

## 使用示例
python
from datasets import load_dataset

ds = load_dataset("juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature", split="train")
df = ds.to_pandas()

# 提取所有月球撞击坑
lunar_craters = df[(df["body"] == "MOON") & (df["type"] == "Crater")]

# 按直径排序的前20个最大地貌
biggest = df.sort_values("diameter", ascending=False).head(20)

# 按天体与地貌类型分组的特征统计
by_body_type = df.groupby(["body", "type"]).size().sort_values(ascending=False)

# 按批准日期排序的前20个最新获批地貌
recent = df.sort_values("approvaldt", ascending=False).head(20)

## 数据来源
[美国地质调查局天体地质科学中心——行星命名系统](https://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/)，由国际天文学联合会（IAU）行星系统命名工作组维护。形状文件每日在AWS S3上自动更新。

## 更新计划
静态数据集（行星命名变更频率较低）。

## 相关数据集
- [lunar-craters-robbins](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/lunar-craters-robbins)——Robbins月球撞击坑数据库
- [mars-craters-robbins](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/mars-craters-robbins)——Robbins火星撞击坑数据库
- [meteorite-landings](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/meteorite-landings)——NASA陨石着陆记录数据集
- [solar-system-moons](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/solar-system-moons)——太阳系天然卫星数据集

## 数据流水线
源代码仓库：[juliensimon/space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)

## 支持与反馈
如果您认为本数据集对您有所帮助，请在[数据集页面](https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature)为其点赞❤️，并在社区标签页中分享您的反馈。同时欢迎为[space-datasets](https://github.com/juliensimon/space-datasets)仓库点亮⭐️。

## 引用格式
bibtex
@dataset{planetary_nomenclature,
author = {Simon, Julien},
title = {IAU行星命名（IAU Planetary Nomenclature)},
year = {2026},
publisher = {Hugging Face},
url = {https://huggingface.co/datasets/juliensimon/planetary-nomenclature},
note = {本数据集基于美国地质调查局天体地质科学中心/IAU行星系统命名工作组的数据构建}
}

## 许可证
[CC BY 4.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/)