Changes in cytokine expression in Caco-2 cell monolayers.^*

*Monolayers exposed for 12 h to DMEM, sterile broth, B. pilosicoli strain 95/1000 culture supernatant and sonicates, live B. pilosicoli 95/1000, and live non-pathogenic B. innocens B256T. The results are mean ± standard deviation of fold difference in gene expression measured by RT-qPCR. For each cytokine, treatment means marked with a different superscript differ at least at P<0.05, and the significantly elevated values are marked in bold.