Longitudinal relationship between pain status and healthy ageing over six years.

All values are followed by standard error and 95% confidence intervals. Model I: Addition of painstatus as a time-varying variable (i.e. over the follow up period subjects can move between pain states). Model II: Adjustment for potential confounders: age, gender, educational attainment, social networks, smoking status, alcohol consumption and physical inactivity. Model III: Further adjustment for use of pain analgesia and non-steroidals, and diagnoses of chronic musculoskeletal conditions’.
***p<0.001, CI Confidence interval, – Variable not included.