Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoys deployed in Canada Basin and Chukchi Shelf, Arctic Ocean, 2019

The Warming and irradiance Measurement (WARM) buoy collects measurements of light, temperature, salinity and phytoplankton abundance under the Arctic sea ice. The Arctic ice pack has suffered continued thinning and reduction in seasonal extent, resulting in changes to the amount of sunlight penetrating through the ice and into the ocean beneath, having consequences for the physical and biological environment. Sunlight absorbed by the ocean under the ice causes warming, which can lead to accelerated ice melt resulting in even more sunlight reaching the ocean. In addition, warmer water also affects living organisms, influencing the ability of Arctic adapted species to survive, and possibly promoting the northward advancement of sub-Arctic species. Thinner ice also increases light available for photosynthesis, affecting the timing of phytoplankton blooms. If phytoplankton growth occurs early in the season then zooplankton, the organisms that feed on them can miss the bloom with consequences for the entire food web of the Arctic. This project aims to provide observations to help determine how the under-ice environment is changing by using autonomous buoys which overcome the limitations of ship-based observations. The buoys have proven to be very robust and can survive for approximately one year, providing hourly observations which will be available in near-real time to the research community and interested public parties. The buoys will be deployed in early spring in the western Beaufort Sea, with anticipated drift west over the Chukchi Shelf. This dataset includes data from an ice-tethered buoy deployed on Arctic sea ice in March 2019. Data measured include, Photosynthetically available radiation, temperature, and chlorophyll. A sidekick was deployed coincidently with the buoy and measured surface Photosynthetically available radiation增温与辐照度测量（Warming and irradiance Measurement, WARM）浮标可采集北极海冰下方的光照、温度、盐度及浮游植物丰度数据。 当前北极浮冰群持续变薄、季节性覆盖范围不断缩减，导致穿透海冰进入下方海洋的太阳光量发生改变，进而对海洋物理与生物环境造成显著影响。 海冰下方的海水吸收太阳光后会引发增温，这会加速海冰融化，使得更多太阳光得以照射进入海洋。 此外，水温升高还会对海洋生物造成多重影响：一方面会削弱北极适生物种的生存能力，另一方面可能推动亚北极物种向北扩散。 海冰变薄同样会增加可供浮游植物进行光合作用的光照总量，进而改变浮游植物水华的发生时序。 若浮游植物提前进入生长繁殖期，那么以其为食的浮游动物便可能错过水华窗口期，最终对北极全域食物网造成连锁效应。 本项目旨在借助自主式浮标克服船基观测的局限性，获取观测数据以助力解析冰下环境的变化趋势。 现有实测数据表明，此类浮标稳定性极强，可连续运行约一年，每小时采集一次观测数据，且采集结果将以近实时的形式向科研共同体及关注相关研究的公众开放。 该批浮标将于早春在波弗特海西部海域布放，预计将沿楚科奇海台向西漂移。 本数据集包含2019年3月布放于北极海冰的海冰系泊浮标（ice-tethered buoy）采集的数据，所测指标包括光合有效辐射（Photosynthetically available radiation）、温度与叶绿素含量。 同期还布放了配套辅助监测设备，用于测量表层光合有效辐射。