Interactions of factors affecting the implementation of Integrated Project Delivery in the New Zealand construction industry: A System Dynamics and Network Analysis approach

Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) is a collaborative approach that unites people, systems, business structures, and practices to reduce waste, enhance sustainability, improve schedule, quality, cost, and safety while promoting positive collaboration based on mutual respect and trust. Despite the abundance of literature on IPD, a comprehensive analysis of the interactions between factors and their implementation has yet to be conducted. This study aimed to identify the interactions between factors that hinder the implementation of IPD through eighteen semi-structured interviews with professionals in the New Zealand (NZ) construction industry. The interactions between factors were identified through manual coding and visualised using VENSIM software. Degree of centrality, eigenvector centrality, and causal chain analysis were employed to determine the critical factors influencing the implementation of IPD in NZ. The interviews explored themes such as Legal, Financial, Technological, Organisational, Collaboration, and Governmental factors related to IPD in New Zealand. Key challenges include a lack of information on IPD outcomes, a limited number of contractors and consultants, governance conflicts, a preference for traditional models, and resistance to change among experienced professionals. The findings highlighted issues such as client resistance, low technology adoption, the absence of industry standardisation, and high initial investment costs. Additionally, a lack of professional bodies and training opportunities for IPD was a significant factor affecting implementation. The limitations of this research include that only eighteen professionals were interviewed. This research provides valuable insights that aid researchers and practitioners in implementing sustainable construction practices in NZ.