Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Islets Ameliorate Diabetes in Nonhuman Primates [monkey_singlecell]

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets (hPSC-islets) are a promising cell resource for diabetes treatment. Here, we demonstrate that transplantation of human pluripotent stem cell-derived islets into diabetic nonhuman primates effectively restored endogenous insulin secretion and improved glycemic control. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis of S6D2 clusters confirmed the existence of the three major pancreatic endocrine cell populations (ß cells, a-like cells and d-like cells) and their proportions, which altogether accounted for 80%. Importantly, hierarchical clustering of S6D2 hCiPSC-islets, 10 wpt kidney grafts and primary human islets showed that the hCiPSC differentiated pancreatic endocrine cells shared similar global gene expression profiles to their native counterparts in primary human islets. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on PBMCs revealed the potential immune response of recipient macaque to hCiPSC-islets. Overall design: Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis on peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to analyze the potential immune response of recipient macaque to hCiPSC-islets.