dust mass and proportion data

We collected undisturbed soil samples from three potential dust source surfaces in the Ulan Buh Desert, China, including mobile dunes, dry lakebeds, and farmland. Through wind tunnel simulations and laboratory analyses, we measured the mass of PM2.5, PM10, PM63, and total sediments emitted from these surfaces under wind speeds of 8 m·s-1, 11 m·s-1, and 14 m·s-1. Additionally, we quantified the proportion and mass variations of fine particles across 10 near-surface heights (13–130 cm). These data are deposited here to support analyses of dust emission potential and near-surface transport patterns across different surfaces, identify dominant sources of fine particles in regional dust events, and emphasize the necessity of farmland shelterbelts for dust control.