dust mass and proportion data

We collected undisturbed soil samples from three potential dust source surfaces in the Ulan Buh Desert, China, including mobile dunes, dry lakebeds, and farmland. Through wind tunnel simulations and laboratory analyses, we measured the mass of PM2.5, PM10, PM63, and total sediments emitted from these surfaces under wind speeds of 8 m·s-1, 11 m·s-1, and 14 m·s-1. Additionally, we quantified the proportion and mass variations of fine particles across 10 near-surface heights (13–130 cm). These data are deposited here to support analyses of dust emission potential and near-surface transport patterns across different surfaces, identify dominant sources of fine particles in regional dust events, and emphasize the necessity of farmland shelterbelts for dust control.我们在中国乌兰布和沙漠的三处潜在沙尘源地表采集了原状土壤样品，涵盖流动沙丘、干涸湖床与农田。通过风洞模拟与实验室分析，我们测定了这三类地表在8 m·s⁻¹、11 m·s⁻¹及14 m·s⁻¹风速下所排放的PM2.5、PM10、PM63与总沉积物质量。此外，我们还量化了10个近地表高度（13–130 cm）范围内细颗粒物的占比与质量变化特征。本数据集公开于此，旨在为不同地表的沙尘排放潜力与近地表输运模式分析提供支撑，助力识别区域沙尘事件中细颗粒物的主要来源，并强调农田防护林在沙尘防控中的必要性。