Proportion of adolescents with abnormal SDQ scores in patients with type 1 diabetes compared to KiGGS participants.

* Based on self-reports/proxy reports, abnormal was defined as a score for total difficulties ≥20/≥17, for emotional symptoms ≥7/≥5, for conduct problems ≥5/≥4, for hyperactivity-inattention ≥7/≥7, for peer problems ≥6/≥4, for prosocial behavior <5/<5, and for impact ≥2/≥2 [25].
†Chi-squared test.
‡Diabetes study versus the reference group KiGGS adjusted for age group and sex (Model 1.1).
§Diabetes study versus the reference group KiGGS adjusted for age group, sex, socioeconomic status, immigration background, region of residence, family structure, proxy-informant (except self-reports), weight status, and hospitalization during past 12 months (Model 1.2).