Dataset and Variable Construction for: "When Harmonization Meets Reality"

Appendix_A. This dataset supports the empirical analysis presented in the paper "When Harmonization Meets Reality: A Quantitative Analysis of EU Directive 2019/1023 in Italy and Spain."It contains the full reconstruction of key variables used for the difference-in-differences estimation and institutional comparison between Italy and Spain. The Excel file includes: "percent_cramdown": Estimated annual percentage of restructuring plans approved via cross-class cram-down. "percent_salvate": Share of procedures resulting in business survival (vs liquidation). "recovery_rate": Estimated recovery rates for creditors, including historical World Bank data and interpolated post-2020 values. "durata_proc": Duration of insolvency procedures (in months). "durata_civile": Average length of civil/commercial proceedings (EU Justice Scoreboard). "survival_3yr": Three-year firm survival rates (Eurostat). "DataBase": general database All data cover the period 2015–2023 and are organized in separate sheets for clarity and transparency. Sources include CERIL (2024-1), Doing Business (World Bank), Eurostat, and national reports. Estimated values are based on triangulated sources and conservative assumptions, as explained in the accompanying documentation. Appendix_B. This R file includes the code used to build the regressions in the paper