Parkes observations for project P1238 semester 2024OCTS_05

Young and energetic pulsars can power strong pulsar wind nebula (PWN), which can be observed from radio to X-ray and beyond. Leveraging the sensitivity and high-resolution of next-generation radio surveys like ASKAP EMU and SARAO MeerKAT 1.3 GHz Galactic Plane Survey (SMGPS), we are now able to identify pulsar candidates associated with PWNe and SNRs. We can then use these PWN and SNR associations to guide our search of radio pulsars. This strategy was demonstrated successful by our recent discoveries of two high dispersion measure (DM) pulsars powering a bow-shocked PWNe using ASKAP EMU radio continuum images. Recently, we analysed several SMGPS fields and identified seven PWNe candidates potentially associated to three new and four known Galactic SNRs. Here we propose to use the Parkes UWL receiver to carry out the targeted search of radio pulsars powering these PWNe. Since these SNRs are located in Galactic plane and can be distant, we expect them to have large DMs. Such high DMs will lead to strong scattering and smearing and make pulsars undetectable in previous pulsar surveys. The wide frequency coverage of UWL, especially the high frequencies, will allow us to avoid these effects and therefore offer us a better chance to find these pulsars.年轻且充满活力的脉冲星能够驱动形成强烈的脉冲星风云（pulsar wind nebula, PWN），这类天体可在射电、X射线乃至更宽波段被观测到。借助ASKAP EMU、南非射电天文学观测台（SARAO）MeerKAT 1.3GHz银道面巡天（SMGPS）等下一代射电巡天项目的高灵敏度与高分辨率特性，我们现已能够识别出与脉冲星风云及超新星遗迹（Supernova Remnant, SNR）相关的脉冲星候选体。后续可依托这些脉冲星风云与超新星遗迹的关联关系，指导射电脉冲星的搜寻工作。该策略已在近期研究中得到验证：我们利用ASKAP EMU射电连续谱图像，发现了两颗高色散量（dispersion measure, DM）脉冲星，它们各自驱动形成了弓形激波脉冲星风云。近期，我们对多个SMGPS天区开展分析，共识别出7个脉冲星风云候选体，这些候选体可能与3个新发现的银道面超新星遗迹以及4个已知银道面超新星遗迹相关。在此项研究提议中，我们计划使用帕克斯UWL接收机，对上述脉冲星风云所驱动的射电脉冲星开展靶向搜寻。由于这些超新星遗迹位于银道面且距离遥远，我们预期其关联脉冲星将具有较大的色散量。高色散量会引发显著的散射与脉冲展宽效应，使得这类脉冲星在过往的脉冲星巡天观测中难以被探测到。而UWL接收机具备宽频覆盖特性，尤其是高频段覆盖能力，可帮助我们规避上述干扰效应，从而大幅提升发现这类脉冲星的可能性。