Data from: Uncovering cryptic parasitoid diversity in Horismenus (Chalcidoidea, Eulophidae)

Horismenus parasitoids are an abundant and understudied group of eulophid wasps found mainly in the New World. Recent surveys based on morphological analyses in Costa Rica have quadrupled the number of named taxa, with more than 400 species described so far. This recent revision suggests that there is still a vast number of unknown species to be identified. As Horismenus wasps have been widely described as parasitoids of insect pests associated with crop plants, it is of high importance to properly establish the extant diversity of the genus, in order to provide biological control practitioners with an exhaustive catalog of putative control agents. In this study, we first collected Horismenus wasps from wild Phaseolus bean seeds in Central Mexico and Arizona to assess the genetic relatedness of three morphologically distinct species with overlapping host and geographical ranges. Sequence data from two nuclear and two mitochondrial gene regions uncovered three cryptic species within each of the three focal species (i.e., H. missouriensis, H. depressus and H. butcheri). The monophyly of each cryptic group is statistically supported (except in two of them represented by one single tip in which monophyly cannot be tested). The phylogenetic reconstruction is discussed with respect to differences between gene regions as well as likely reasons for the differences in variability between species.赫氏小蜂属（Horismenus）寄生蜂是一类数量丰富但研究不足的姬小蜂科（Eulophid wasps）类群，主要分布于新大陆。近期基于哥斯达黎加形态学分析的调查已使已命名类群的数量增至原有的四倍，迄今已描述的物种超过400种。此次最新的分类修订表明，仍有大量未知物种待鉴定。由于赫氏小蜂属蜂类已被广泛报道为与农作物相关的害虫的寄生性天敌，准确厘清该属的现存物种多样性具有极高的重要性，以便为生物防治从业者提供一份详尽的潜在防控天敌名录。本研究首先从墨西哥中部与美国亚利桑那州的野生菜豆（Phaseolus）种子中采集赫氏小蜂属蜂类，以评估3种形态特征迥异但寄主与地理分布重叠的物种的遗传亲缘关系。通过对两个核基因与两个线粒体基因区域的序列数据分析，研究人员在3个目标物种（即密苏里赫氏小蜂（H. missouriensis）、凹陷赫氏小蜂（H. depressus）与巴彻赫氏小蜂（H. butcheri））的每一个内部均发现了3个隐存物种。每个隐存类群的单系性均得到了统计学支持（仅有2个类群仅包含1个终端分支，无法对其单系性进行检验）。本研究还就不同基因区域间的差异，以及物种间变异程度差异的潜在原因，对系统发育重建结果进行了讨论。