Relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide treatments on forest resources and ecosystem: An experimental approach

Gypsy moth outbreaks cause severe defoliation in Holarctic forests, both in North America where it is invasive, and in its native range in Eurasia. Severe defoliation can hamper timber production and impact ecological communities and processes. Aerial insecticide applications are regularly performed in outbreak areas to mitigate economic losses. These operations can be financially costly and harmful to non-target species and may disrupt species interaction networks. However, replicated studies of the relative impacts of gypsy moth outbreaks and insecticide application on forest growth and animal communities are rare and have yet to be carried out in the species' indigenous range. Here, we review the pathways in which gypsy moth outbreaks and the chemical control of these outbreaks affect forest ecosystems. We then present an experimental design established in South Central Germany in early 2019, aiming to study the ecological and economic consequences of gypsy moth eruptions and ins...舞毒蛾（Gypsy Moth）暴发会在全北界森林引发严重的落叶危害，其危害范围既包括该物种入侵的北美地区，也涵盖其原生分布的欧亚大陆。重度落叶危害会抑制木材生产，并对生态群落与生态过程产生负面影响。针对暴发区域，人们通常会通过航空喷施杀虫剂来降低经济损失，但这类防控作业不仅经济成本高昂，还会对非靶标物种造成危害，甚至可能破坏物种互作网络。然而，有关舞毒蛾暴发与杀虫剂施用对森林生长及动物群落相对影响的重复研究极为匮乏，且在该物种的本土分布区内尚未开展相关研究。 本研究首先梳理了舞毒蛾暴发及其化学防治手段对森林生态系统的影响路径；随后介绍了2019年初在德国中南部建立的实验设计，该实验旨在探究舞毒蛾暴发及其……