Data from: The rate of evolution of postmating-prezygotic reproductive isolation in Drosophila

Reproductive isolation (RI) is an intrinsic aspect of species, as described in the Biological Species Concept. For that reason, the identification of the precise traits and mechanisms of RI, and the rates at which they evolve, is crucial to understanding how species originate and persist. Nonetheless, precise measurements of the magnitude of reproductive isolation are rare. Previous work has measured the rates of evolution of prezygotic and postzygotic barriers to gene flow, yet no systematic analysis has carried out the study of the rates of evolution of postmating-prezygotic (PMPZ) barriers. We systematically measured the magnitude of two barriers to gene flow that act after mating occurs but before zygotic fertilization and also measured a premating (female mating rate in nonchoice experiments) and two postzygotic barriers (hybrid inviability and hybrid sterility) for all pairwise crosses of species within the Drosophila melanogaster subgroup. Our results indicate that PMPZ isolation evolves faster than hybrid inviability but slower than premating isolation. We also describe seven new interspecific hybrids in the group. Our findings open up a large repertoire of tools that will enable researchers to manipulate hybrids and explore the genetic basis of interspecific differentiation, reproductive isolation, and speciation.生殖隔离（Reproductive Isolation, RI）是依据生物学物种概念（Biological Species Concept）定义的物种固有属性。正因如此，精准确定生殖隔离的具体性状、作用机制及其演化速率，对于理解物种的起源与维持机制至关重要。然而，目前针对生殖隔离强度的精准定量测量仍较为匮乏。既往研究已对基因流的合子前与合子后隔离屏障的演化速率开展了测量，但尚未有系统分析针对交配后合子前（Postmating-Prezygotic, PMPZ）隔离屏障的演化速率展开研究。本研究对黑腹果蝇亚群（Drosophila melanogaster subgroup）内所有物种间的两两杂交组合，系统测定了两类交配后受精前基因流隔离屏障的强度；同时还测定了一类交配前隔离屏障（无选择实验中的雌性交配率）以及两类合子后隔离屏障（杂交致死与杂交不育）。研究结果显示，PMPZ隔离的演化速率快于杂交致死，但慢于交配前隔离。本研究还报道了该类群中的7个全新种间杂种。本研究的发现为研究者提供了丰富的研究工具集，可用于操控杂交个体，并探究种间分化、生殖隔离与物种形成的遗传基础。