中国东北黑土区农业生态地面观测数据集（自2021年起）

2021年，本着科技创新支持黑土地保护的基本原则，作者团队先后在黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市、吉林省磐石市、吉林省梨树县、内蒙古呼伦贝尔市大河湾部署了27台全自动农用生态观测站，搭建了具备多传感器数据实时传输、数字图像自动处理、存储及统计分析等功能的智能化观测系统。观测站具备植被长势监测、气象条件监测、空气质量监测、土壤参数监测等物联感知功能，可实现空气温度、相对湿度、气压、风速、光照、降雨量、土壤温度、土壤水分、作物可见光及近红外图像共10类数据的实时采集和无线传输。气象及土壤参数数据的时间分辨率为30分钟，图像采集和传输的频率5次/天（早上8:00-下午16:00，每2小时采集一次，频率可按需调整）。该数据集包括：（1）7个示范区和27个地面观测站的地理位置；（2）气候和土壤的地面观测数据；（3）典型作物生长过程图像。数据集储存为.shp、.xlsx和.gif格式，首次出版由45个数据文件组成，数据量为30.4 MB（压缩为1个文件30.1 MB）。

In 2021, following the fundamental principle of supporting black soil conservation through scientific and technological innovation, the author team deployed 27 fully automated agricultural ecological observation stations in Qiqihar City of Heilongjiang Province, Panshi City and Lishu County of Jilin Province, and Dahewan in Hulunbuir City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. An intelligent observation system with functions including real-time multi-sensor data transmission, automatic digital image processing, storage and statistical analysis was constructed. The observation stations are equipped with IoT-enabled perception functions such as vegetation growth monitoring, meteorological condition monitoring, air quality monitoring and soil parameter monitoring, and can realize real-time collection and wireless transmission of 10 categories of data, including air temperature, relative humidity, atmospheric pressure, wind speed, light intensity, rainfall, soil temperature, soil moisture, and visible and near-infrared crop images. The temporal resolution of meteorological and soil parameter data is 30 minutes, and the frequency of image collection and transmission is 5 times per day (collected every 2 hours from 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m., which can be adjusted as needed). This dataset includes: (1) Geographical locations of 7 demonstration areas and 27 ground observation stations; (2) Ground observation data of climate and soil; (3) Images of typical crop growth processes. The dataset is stored in .shp, .xlsx and .gif formats. The first release consists of 45 data files, with a total data volume of 30.4 MB (compressed into a single file of 30.1 MB).

搜集汇总

背景与挑战

背景概述

该数据集是中国东北黑土区农业生态地面观测数据集，自2021年起收集，覆盖黑龙江、吉林和内蒙古的27个全自动观测站。数据集包含气候、土壤参数和作物生长图像等多源数据，时间分辨率为30分钟，旨在支持黑土地保护与农业生态研究，数据以矢量格式存储，总容量30.4 MB。