Exposure to sugar rationing in the first 1000 days of life protected against chronic disease

We examined the impact of exposure to sugar restrictions within 1000 days after conception on type 2 diabetes and hypertension, leveraging quasi-experimental variation from the end of the United Kingdom’s sugar rationing in September 1953. Rationing restricted sugar intake to levels within current dietary guidelines, and consumption nearly doubled immediately after rationing ended. Using an event study design with UK Biobank data comparing adults conceived just before or after rationing ended, we found that early-life rationing reduced type 2 diabetes and hypertension risk by about 35 and 20% and delayed disease onset by 4 and 2 years, respectively. Protection was evident with in utero exposure and increased with postnatal sugar restriction, especially after 6 months, when eating of solid foods likely began. In utero sugar rationing alone accounted for about one-third of the risk reduction., This research has been conducted using the UK Biobank Resources under Application Number 58599. Data were made available to us under a material transfer agreement with RAND, USC, UC Berkeley, and U of Chicago. Quarterly food consumption, price and annual sugar and sweet sales data were collected manually from the National Food Survey reports (25) and article (23) and are available here in .dta format. , , # Exposure to Sugar Rationing in the First 1000 Days of Life Protected Against Chronic Disease [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzwm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzwm) ## Description of the data and file structure Quarterly data on food consumption and prices were obtained from Family Food historic reports between 1950-1960. These reports are publicly available for download: [https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-food-historic-reports](https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-food-historic-reports). Annual data on sales of sugar and sweets were collected from the manuscript by D. Jackson, \"Caries experience in English children and young adults during the years 1947-1972,\" British Dental Journal, 137, 91-98 (1974). All of these data are available in .dta (STATA) format (Dataset_1000days_*.dta). We also uploaded supporting tables to Fig S5 and S6 (see \"SupportingTables_FigS5S6_dryad\") in Excel. 1. Dataset_1000days_nutrition_mainFig1.dta - data supporting F...本研究依托1953年9月英国食糖配给政策终止所产生的准实验外生变异，探究了受孕后1000天内暴露于食糖限制环境对2型糖尿病与高血压的影响。当时的配给政策将食糖摄入量限制在当前膳食指南推荐的水平范围内，而配给政策终止后，民众食糖消费量随即近乎翻倍。本研究基于英国生物银行（UK Biobank）数据，采用事件研究设计，对比了配给政策终止前后受孕的成年人群，结果显示生命早期的食糖配给可分别降低35%的2型糖尿病发病风险与20%的高血压发病风险，并将两种疾病的发病时间分别推迟4年与2年。这种保护效应在宫内暴露阶段即已显现，且随着产后食糖限制的实施而增强，尤其在婴儿可能开始进食固体食物的6月龄之后更为显著。仅宫内食糖配给便可解释约三分之一的发病风险降低幅度。 本研究使用英国生物银行（UK Biobank）资源开展，项目申请编号为58599。研究数据通过与兰德公司（RAND）、南加州大学（USC）、加州大学伯克利分校（UC Berkeley）及芝加哥大学签署的材料转让协议获取。季度食品消费与价格数据、年度食糖及糖果销售数据均手工提取自《全国食品调查》报告（25）与文献（23），并以.dta格式提供。 ## 生命最初1000天内的食糖配给暴露可预防慢性疾病 [https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzwm](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.2v6wwpzwm) ## 数据与文件结构说明 1950至1960年间的季度食品消费与价格数据取自《家庭食品历史报告》，该报告可公开下载：[https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-food-historic-reports](https://www.gov.uk/government/statistics/family-food-historic-reports)。年度食糖及糖果销售数据取自D. Jackson发表于《英国牙科杂志》1974年第137卷第91-98页的手稿《1947-1972年英国儿童与青年人群的龋病患病情况》。所有数据均以.dta（STATA）格式提供，文件命名为Dataset_1000days_*.dta。此外，本研究还将补充表格上传至图S5与S6的配套文件（详见"SupportingTables_FigS5S6_dryad"），格式为Excel。 1. Dataset_1000days_nutrition_mainFig1.dta —— 用于支撑主图F的相关数据